{"id":225220,"date":"2025-04-30T13:59:17","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T17:59:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=225220"},"modified":"2026-05-01T11:45:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T15:45:20","slug":"most-us-catholics-say-they-want-the-church-to-be-more-inclusive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/04\/30\/most-us-catholics-say-they-want-the-church-to-be-more-inclusive\/","title":{"rendered":"Most U.S. Catholics Say They Want the Church To Be \u2018More Inclusive\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-prc-block-subtitle\" aria-level=\"2\">But there are large divides between Catholics who attend Mass weekly, and those who don\u2019t, in what they want from the church<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"4d3f2e\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #4d3f2e;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_featured.jpg?resize=480,270 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_featured.jpg?resize=782,440 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_featured.jpg?resize=960,540 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_featured.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_featured.jpg?resize=1280,720 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_featured.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"Catholic worshippers attend a New Year's Eve Mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City in 2016. (Artem Vorobiev\/Getty Images)\" class=\"wp-image-225295 not-transparent\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Catholic worshippers attend a New Year&#8217;s Eve Mass at St. Patrick&#8217;s Cathedral in New York City in 2016. (Artem Vorobiev\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-style-plus-icon has-border-color has-ui-gray-light-border-color has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background has-sans-serif-font-family is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-61b01db2 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.009), 0.88em);\"><summary>How we did this<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this survey to better understand how U.S. Catholics view the Catholic Church.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this report, we surveyed 1,787 Catholic respondents from Feb. 3 to 9, 2025. All of the respondents were members of the American Trends Panel, a group of people recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses who have agreed to take surveys regularly. This kind of recruitment gives nearly all U.S. adults a chance of selection. Surveys are conducted either online or by telephone with a live interviewer. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education, and other factors. <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/our-methods\/u-s-surveys\/the-american-trends-panel\/\">Read more about the ATP\u2019s Methodology<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_questionnaire.pdf\">questions used for this report<\/a>&nbsp;, along with <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_topline.pdf\">responses<\/a>, and the survey <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2025\/04\/30\/catholics-views-of-church-2025-methodology\/\">methodology<\/a>.<a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the death of Pope Francis, the College of Cardinals is expected to gather May 7 to choose the next head of the Catholic Church. A Pew Research Center survey conducted in early February \u2013 before the pope\u2019s hospitalization on Feb. 14 \u2013 finds that majorities of U.S. Catholics express views that differ from church teachings on issues such as birth control, marriage and the priesthood. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>84% of U.S. Catholics say the church should allow Catholics to use birth control.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>83% say the church should allow couples to use in vitro fertilization (IVF) to get pregnant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>68% say the church should allow women to become deacons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>63% say the church should allow priests to get married.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>59% say the church should ordain women as priests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225238\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d5e6ed\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d5e6ed;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-01.png?resize=480,296 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-01.png?resize=782,481 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-01.png?resize=960,591 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-01.png?resize=1200,739 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-01.png?resize=1280,788 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"394\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-01.png?w=640\" alt=\"Bar chart showing about 8 in 10 Catholics believe the church should allow use of birth control, IVF\" class=\"wp-image-225238 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225239\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dee4e6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dee4e6;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-02.png?resize=480,285 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-02.png?resize=782,464 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-02.png?resize=840,498 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"249\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-02.png?w=420\" alt=\"Most U.S. Catholics say they prefer a \u2018more inclusive\u2019 church, even if that means changing some teachings\" class=\"wp-image-225239 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When asked to choose which of two contrasting statements comes closer to their view, 60% of U.S. Catholics say the church \u201cshould be more inclusive, even if that means changing some of its teachings,\u201d while 37% say the church \u201cshould stick to its traditional teachings, even if that means the church gets smaller.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-style-plus-icon has-border-color has-ui-gray-light-border-color has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background has-sans-serif-font-family is-layout-flow wp-container-core-details-is-layout-61b01db2 wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-size:clamp(0.875em, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.009), 0.88em);\"><summary>How we worded these questions<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We used simple, common phrases in the survey questions about some steps that Catholics would \u2013 or would not \u2013 like to see the church take. Our goal was to make the questions easy to understand for as many respondents as possible. In some cases, the wording of the questions involved a trade-off between broad understandability and theological nuance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, one question asks whether the church should \u201callow priests to get married.\u201d This would not, strictly speaking, be a change in doctrine. The Catholic Church already allows married priests&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/14c50cda5f6430f56420efd14058624e\">under certain circumstances<\/a>, such as if a man was married before being&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/nation\/la-na-pope-married-priests-2017-story.html\">ordained in an Eastern Catholic Church<\/a>. Technically, the church considers the rule of celibacy for priests to be a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2023\/03\/10\/in-interview-pope-francis-calls-priestly-celibacy-not-eternal\/\">\u201cdiscipline\u201d rather than a doctrine<\/a>. Nonetheless, allowing parish priests to get married and continue in their duties would represent a big change in the everyday life of the church in the United States.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, another question asks whether the church should allow unmarried Catholics who \u201care living with a romantic partner\u201d to receive Communion. Actually, Catholicism has no rule against unmarried people living together. The church\u2019s teaching is that&nbsp;<em>sexual activity outside of marriage<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/catechism\/en\/part_three\/section_two\/chapter_two\/article_6\/iv_offenses_against_the_dignity_of_marriage.html#:~:text=the%20sexual%20act%20must%20take,excludes%20one%20from%20sacramental%20communion.\">is a grave sin<\/a>, and that anyone \u201cconscious of a grave sin\u201d should&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/catechism\/en\/part_two\/section_two\/chapter_one\/article_3\/vi_the_paschal_banquet.html\">not take Communion<\/a>&nbsp;unless they have been to confession.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet another example concerns contraception. The survey asks whether the church should allow Catholics to \u201cuse birth control.\u201d But the church does not object to married couples using&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usccb.org\/topics\/natural-family-planning\">natural methods<\/a>&nbsp;(i.e., abstaining from sex during fertile periods) to \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/catechism\/en\/part_three\/section_two\/chapter_two\/article_6\/iii_the_love_of_husband_and_wife.index.html\">space the births of their children<\/a>.\u201d Rather, the objection is to using methods that prevent the sexual act from resulting in conception, including \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americamagazine.org\/content\/dispatches\/catholic-scholars-duel-over-contraception\">condoms, hormonal birth control pills and sterilization<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On all these topics, there are large differences between the responses of Catholics who go to church at least once a week and those who do not.[1. The survey asks all respondents the following question: \u201cAside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services in person?\u201d The response options are \u201cMore than once a week,\u201d \u201cOnce a week,\u201d \u201cOnce or twice a month,\u201d \u201cA few times a year,\u201d \u201cSeldom\u201d and \u201cNever.\u201d Though the question does not specifically mention \u201cMass\u201d or \u201cchurch,\u201d we assume that most Catholic respondents are answering this question with respect to their frequency of Mass attendance. Throughout this report, we use terminology such as \u201cAttend Mass weekly\u201d and \u201cAttend Mass less often\u201d to differentiate between Catholics who answer this question by saying they attend religious services weekly and those who say they attend less often.] Those who say they go weekly are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225240\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dfe8ec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dfe8ec;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-03.png?resize=480,896 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-03.png?resize=782,1460 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-03.png?resize=840,1568 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"784\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-03.png?w=420\" alt=\"Big differences in Catholics\u2019 views on reproductive issues, ordination for women and married priests by frequency of Mass attendance \" class=\"wp-image-225240 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>20 percentage points less likely to favor allowing women to serve as deacons (54% vs. 74%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20 points less likely to favor allowing priests to get married (49% vs. 69%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>18 points less likely to favor allowing Catholics to use birth control (72% vs. 90%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>17 points less likely to favor allowing couples to use IVF (71% vs. 88%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Slightly more than half of Catholics who attend Mass weekly (56%) say the church should <em>not<\/em> allow women to become priests, while 66% say the church should not recognize the marriages of gay and lesbian couples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225241\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e3e6e7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e3e6e7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-04.png?resize=480,330 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-04.png?resize=782,538 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-04.png?resize=840,578 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"289\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-04.png?w=420\" alt=\"53% of U.S. Catholics who attend Mass weekly say the church should stick to its traditional teachings, even if that means it gets smaller\" class=\"wp-image-225241 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, Catholics who attend Mass weekly are 22 points <em>more<\/em> likely than Catholics who don&#8217;t go to Mass weekly to say they think the church should stick to its traditional teachings, even if that means the church gets smaller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Among the U.S. Catholic population overall, roughly three-in-ten say they attend Mass at least once a week, while the remainder say they go less often or not at all. For more information about the religious and demographic characteristics of U.S. Catholics, read \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/03\/04\/10-facts-about-us-catholics\/\">10 facts about U.S. Catholics<\/a>.\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, most weekly Mass attenders say the church should allow Catholics to use birth control (72%) and IVF (71%). A majority (59%) also says the church should permit people to receive Communion even if they are unmarried and living with a romantic partner. And about half favor ordaining women as deacons, allowing priests to marry, and permitting priests to give blessings to same-sex couples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225242\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d3e2e8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d3e2e8;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-05.png?resize=480,338 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-05.png?resize=782,551 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-05.png?resize=840,592 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"296\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-05.png?w=420\" alt=\"About half of Catholics say women do not have enough influence in the Catholic Church\" class=\"wp-image-225242 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When asked about the influence of women in the church, 51% of U.S. Catholics say women \u201cdo not have enough\u201d influence, while 42% say women currently have \u201cabout the right amount\u201d of influence. Far fewer (5%) say women have \u201ctoo much\u201d influence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey also finds:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Women are somewhat more likely than men to want a \u201cmore inclusive\u201d church, and to say women don\u2019t have enough influence in the church.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Catholic Republicans and independents who lean Republican tend to take more traditional stances than Catholic Democrats and Democratic leaners on the survey\u2019s questions about ordaining women, allowing priests to get married, allowing Catholics to use birth control and IVF, and other questions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one of a series of reports on a Pew Research Center survey conducted Feb. 3-9, 2025, among a nationally representative sample of 1,787 Catholic adults. The survey was completed prior to Pope Francis\u2019 Feb. 14 hospitalization and his death in April.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An earlier report focused on U.S. Catholics\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/02\/25\/pope-francis-and-public-opinion-key-findings-from-our-surveys\/\">opinions about Francis<\/a> and his two immediate predecessors, Benedict XVI and St. John Paul II. Future reports will explore various kinds of connections to Catholicism among U.S. adults and delve into American Catholics\u2019 involvement in parish life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more on views of Pope Francis, read \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/02\/25\/pope-francis-and-public-opinion-key-findings-from-our-surveys\/\">Pope Francis and&nbsp;public&nbsp;opinion: Key&nbsp;findings from&nbsp;our&nbsp;surveys<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more on how U.S. Catholics have answered some of these questions in past surveys, jump to <a href=\"#trends-in-views-about-birth-control-the-priesthood-and-sexuality\">this report\u2019s section on trends<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;views-on-inclusivity-in-the-church&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"views-on-inclusivity-in-the-church\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views on inclusivity in the church<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225243\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f0f0f0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f0f0f0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-06.png?resize=480,1064 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-06.png?resize=620,1374 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"687\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-06.png?w=310\" alt=\"Catholics\u2019 views on how far the church should go to be inclusive differ by party\" class=\"wp-image-225243 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When asked which of two broad statements about the church\u2019s direction comes closer to their view, 64% of Catholic women say the Catholic Church should be \u201cmore inclusive, even if that means changing some of its teachings,\u201d while 32% say the church should \u201cstick to its traditional teachings, even if that means the church gets smaller.\u201d Among Catholic men, 55% say they prefer a more inclusive church and 43% say the church should stick to its traditional teachings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a stark partisan divide on this question. Three-quarters of Catholics who are Democrats or lean Democratic prefer a more inclusive church, even if that means changing some teachings. Among Catholics who are Republicans or GOP leaners, slightly less than half (45%) say the church should be more inclusive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(According to the 2023-24 Religious Landscape Study, about half of Catholics who are registered voters \u2013 53% \u2013 identify with or lean toward the Republican Party, while 43% affiliate with the Democratic Party. For more, refer to \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/03\/04\/10-facts-about-us-catholics\/\">10 facts about U.S. Catholics<\/a>.\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are no significant differences by age or between White and Hispanic Catholics on this topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;views-about-birth-control-and-ivf&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"views-about-birth-control-and-ivf\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views about birth control and IVF<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225244\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f1f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f1f1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-07.png?resize=480,711 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-07.png?resize=782,1158 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-07.png?resize=840,1244 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"622\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-07.png?w=420\" alt=\"Catholics\u2019 views about whether the church should allow use of birth control, IVF vary by Mass attendance and partisanship\" class=\"wp-image-225244 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, 84% of U.S. Catholics say the church should allow Catholics to use birth control, and 83% say the church should permit couples to use in vitro fertilization (IVF) to get pregnant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Support for these ideas is lower among Catholics who attend Mass weekly and among Catholic Republicans than it is among Catholics who attend Mass less often and among Catholic Democrats. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, majorities in every Catholic subgroup we analyzed say they think the church should allow Catholics to use birth control and IVF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;views-about-communion-for-unmarried-cohabiting-couples-blessings-for-same-sex-couples-recognizing-marriages-of-gay-and-lesbian-couples&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"views-about-communion-for-unmarried-cohabiting-couples-blessings-for-same-sex-couples-recognizing-marriages-of-gay-and-lesbian-couples\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views about Communion for unmarried cohabiting couples, blessings for same-sex couples, recognizing marriages of gay and lesbian couples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225245\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eeeeee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eeeeee;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-08.png?resize=480,730 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-08.png?resize=782,1190 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-08.png?resize=840,1278 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"639\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-08.png?w=420\" alt=\"Most Catholics say people living together outside of marriage should be permitted to receive Communion\" class=\"wp-image-225245 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About three-quarters of U.S. Catholics (76%) say the church should allow Catholics to take Communion even if they are unmarried and living with a romantic partner. Support for this idea is lower among Catholic Republicans than Catholic Democrats, and lower among Catholics who attend Mass weekly than among those who attend less often. Still, majorities in all these groups say the church should allow people living with a romantic partner to receive Communion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six-in-ten Catholics say the church should allow priests to bless same-sex couples. And half of Catholics say the church should recognize marriages of gay and lesbian couples. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But most Catholics who attend Mass weekly oppose having the church recognize marriages of gay and lesbian couples, as do most Catholics who are Republicans or GOP leaners. By contrast, most Catholics who attend Mass a few times a year or less often say the church should recognize the marriages of gay and lesbian couples, as do most Catholic Democrats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;views-about-marriage-and-gender-in-the-priesthood-and-the-diaconate&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"views-about-marriage-and-gender-in-the-priesthood-and-the-diaconate\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views about marriage and gender in the priesthood and the diaconate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225246\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f0f0f0\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f0f0f0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-09.png?resize=480,696 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-09.png?resize=782,1134 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-09.png?resize=840,1218 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"609\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-09.png?w=420\" alt=\"About two-thirds of Catholics say the church should allow women to become deacons\" class=\"wp-image-225246 has-transparency\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most U.S. Catholics say the church should allow women to become deacons (68%), should allow priests to marry (63%), and should allow women to become priests (59%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But Catholics who attend Mass weekly are less likely than Catholics overall to express these views. For example, 54% of Catholics who attend Mass weekly say the church should allow women to become deacons and 41% say the church should allow women to become priests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Related:&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/04\/21\/under-pope-francis-the-college-of-cardinals-became-less-european\/\"><em>Under Pope Francis, the College of Cardinals&nbsp;became&nbsp;less European<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;trends-in-views-about-birth-control-the-priesthood-and-sexuality&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"trends-in-views-about-birth-control-the-priesthood-and-sexuality\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trends in views about birth control, the priesthood and sexuality<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center has asked some of the questions analyzed in this report in previous surveys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The percentage of U.S. Catholics who say the church should allow Catholics to use birth control is about the same now as it was in early 2024 and somewhat higher than when we asked these questions roughly a decade ago. A similar pattern emerges on the question of whether the church should allow Catholics to take Communion even if they are unmarried and living with a partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225247\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f1f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f1f1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-10.png?resize=480,261 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-10.png?resize=782,425 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-10.png?resize=960,522 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-10.png?resize=1200,653 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-10.png?resize=1280,696 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"348\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-10.png?w=640\" alt=\"Trends in U.S. Catholics\u2019 views about birth control, the priesthood and sexuality\" class=\"wp-image-225247 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the other hand, the percentages of Catholics who support letting priests get married, letting women become priests, and recognizing the marriages of gay and lesbian couples have <em>dipped <\/em>slightly since the same questions were last asked in 2024, and are roughly on par with readings from about a decade ago.[2. The drops in the share of Catholics who say the church should allow priests to get married (69% vs. 63%) and the share of Catholics who say the church should allow women to become priests (64% vs. 59%) are significant at a 95% confidence level. The drop in the share of Catholics who say the church should recognize the marriage of gay and lesbian couples (54% vs. 50%) between 2024 and 2025 is significant at the 90% confidence level.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;views-of-womens-influence-in-the-church&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" id=\"views-of-womens-influence-in-the-church\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views of women\u2019s influence in the church<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225248\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f1f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f1f1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-11.png?resize=480,656 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-11.png?resize=782,1069 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-11.png?resize=840,1148 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"574\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-11.png?w=420\" alt=\"Two-thirds of Catholics who are Democrats or lean Democratic say women do not have enough influence in the Catholic Church\" class=\"wp-image-225248 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About half of U.S. Catholics (51%) say women do not have enough influence in the Catholic Church, while about four-in-ten (42%) say women have about the right amount of influence. A small share \u2013 just 5% \u2013 say women have too much influence in the church.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among Catholics who attend Mass weekly, the most common response to this question is that women have about the right amount of influence in the Catholic Church. By contrast, most Catholics who attend Mass a few times a year or less often say women do not have enough influence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About six-in-ten Catholic women (58%) feel that women do not have enough influence in the church, compared with 44% of Catholic men who express this view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Looking at partisan breakdowns, two-thirds of Catholic Democrats say that women do not have enough influence in the church, compared with 38% of Republican Catholics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=225249\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ececec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ececec;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-12.png?resize=480,335 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-12.png?resize=782,546 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-12.png?resize=840,586 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"293\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_0-12.png?w=420\" alt=\"Catholics who think women do not have enough influence in the church overwhelmingly say women should be allowed to become deacons, priests \" class=\"wp-image-225249 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among Catholics who feel that women don\u2019t have enough influence in the church, 87% say the church should allow women to be deacons and 80% want to allow women to be priests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among Catholics who think that women currently have about the right amount of influence, far fewer say the church should allow women to become priests (36%) or deacons (48%).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Majorities want the church to allow use of birth control and IVF, and to permit priests to bless same-sex couples. But views differ by Mass attendance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":578,"featured_media":225295,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"But there are large divides between Catholics who attend Mass weekly, and those who don\u2019t, in what they want from the church","sub_title":"But there are large divides between Catholics who attend Mass weekly, and those who don\u2019t, in what they want from the church","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"relatedPosts":[{"key":"_locjyd6vk","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/03\/04\/10-facts-about-us-catholics\/","postId":7747,"title":"10 facts about U.S. Catholics","date":"2025-03-04 11:00:15","label":"10 facts about U.S. Catholics"},{"key":"_82vm2jz3m","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/02\/25\/pope-francis-and-public-opinion-key-findings-from-our-surveys\/","postId":201378,"title":"Pope Francis and public opinion: Key findings from our surveys","date":"2025-02-25 17:24:05","label":"Pope Francis and public opinion: Key findings from our surveys"},{"key":"_7fgq0f3m8","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2025\/04\/21\/under-pope-francis-the-college-of-cardinals-became-less-european\/","postId":7871,"title":"Under Pope Francis, the College of Cardinals became less European","date":"2025-04-21 14:58:45","label":"Under Pope Francis, the College of Cardinals became less European"},{"key":"_ab238g12x","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/09\/26\/many-catholics-in-the-us-and-latin-america-want-the-church-to-allow-birth-control-and-to-let-women-become-priests\/","postId":187451,"title":"Many Catholics in the U.S. and Latin America Want the Church to Allow Birth Control and to Let Women Become Priests","date":"2024-09-26 09:54:05","label":"Many Catholics in the U.S. and Latin America Want the Church to Allow Birth Control and to Let Women Become Priests"},{"key":"_eylbup4yj","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/decline-of-christianity-in-the-us-has-slowed-may-have-leveled-off\/","postId":198882,"title":"Decline of Christianity in the U.S. Has Slowed, May Have Leveled Off","date":"2025-02-26 06:09:14","label":"Decline of Christianity in the U.S. Has Slowed, May Have Leveled Off"}],"reportMaterials":[{"key":"_2128tfw2d","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/04\/PR_2025.04.30_Catholics-Views-of-Church_Report.pdf","label":"Report 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