{"id":197770,"date":"2025-01-28T11:58:30","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T16:58:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=197770"},"modified":"2026-02-06T14:22:05","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T19:22:05","slug":"what-impact-do-people-around-the-world-think-religion-has-on-their-society","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/01\/28\/what-impact-do-people-around-the-world-think-religion-has-on-their-society\/","title":{"rendered":"1. What impact do people around the world think religion has on their society?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=197815\"><img data-dominant-color=\"c1c5a1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #c1c5a1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_01.png?resize=480,935 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_01.png?resize=782,1523 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_01.png?resize=840,1636 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"818\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_01.png?w=420\" alt=\"A chart showing that Majorities in many countries say religion helps society and encourages tolerance, but opinions are divided on whether religion encourages superstitious thinking\" class=\"wp-image-197815 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large shares of adults in most of the 36 countries we surveyed say religion helps society rather than harms it.[2. numoffset=&#8221;2&#8243; In the U.S., we previously asked very similar questions about the impact of religion on society using a slightly different scale. For more, read the 2023 report \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/12\/07\/who-are-spiritual-but-not-religious-americans\/#religion-and-society\">Spirituality Among Americans<\/a>.\u201d] Most also say religion encourages tolerance, not intolerance. But people are slightly more divided about whether religion encourages superstitious thinking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Religion is generally seen more positively by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>People in middle-income countries, compared with those in high-income countries<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Religiously affiliated people, compared with those who are unaffiliated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>People who say they pray daily, compared with those who pray less often<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;does-religion-help-society&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"does-religion-help-society\">Does religion help society?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views of religion\u2019s impact on society are broadly positive. A 36-country median of 77% say religion mostly helps society, while a median of 19% say it mostly hurts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views are particularly positive in parts of Asia, the Middle East and Africa. For example, at least 90% of adults surveyed in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Tunisia say religion helps society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=197821\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d7dbcf\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d7dbcf;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_02.png?resize=480,1239 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_02.png?resize=620,1600 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"800\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_02.png?w=310\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Majorities in most countries see religion as helpful to society\" class=\"wp-image-197821 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elsewhere, people are somewhat more divided. Around six-in-ten or more adults in some high-income countries \u2013 Chile, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Poland, Singapore, South Korea and the U.S. \u2013 see religion as a positive force. But in Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom, around half or more say religion <em>hurts<\/em> society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;does-religion-encourage-tolerance&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"does-religion-encourage-tolerance\">Does religion encourage tolerance?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People also broadly view religion as encouraging tolerance rather than intolerance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adults in middle-income countries have more positive views of religion than adults in high-income countries. Nearly all Tunisians (98%) and Indonesians (95%) say religion encourages tolerance. So do majorities across most countries surveyed in South and Southeast Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=197820\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d7dbd1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d7dbd1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_03.png?resize=480,1239 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_03.png?resize=620,1600 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"800\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_03.png?w=310\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that People in most countries say religion encourages tolerance \" class=\"wp-image-197820 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">High-income nations are divided on whether religion encourages tolerance or intolerance. Large shares in some high-income countries, including Singapore (79%), Hungary (72%), Italy (70%) and Israel (70%), say religion encourages tolerance. At the same time, small majorities in Sweden (62%), Germany (57%), the Netherlands (57%), the UK (57%) and Australia (56%) say religion encourages <em>intolerance<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;does-religion-encourage-superstitious-thinking&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"does-religion-encourage-superstitious-thinking\">Does religion encourage superstitious thinking?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=197819\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d3d8d2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d3d8d2;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_04.png?resize=480,1248 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_04.png?resize=620,1612 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"806\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_04.png?w=310\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Publics are divided over whether religion encourages superstitious thinking\" class=\"wp-image-197819 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Globally, people are more divided when it comes to whether religion encourages superstition. A 36-country median of 52% say religion does <em>not<\/em> encourage superstition, while 42% say it does.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While people in middle-income countries are relatively more positive about religion\u2019s impact on superstitious thinking than those in high-income ones, the gap is less pronounced than on the other two questions about religion\u2019s impact on society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, three-quarters of adults or more in middle-income countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Tunisia and Turkey say religion does <em>not<\/em> encourage superstitious thinking. But in other middle-income countries \u2013 such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and the Philippines \u2013 views of religion\u2019s impact are more evenly divided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the high-income countries, Hungary, Italy, Poland and Singapore stand out as the only places where majorities say religion does <em>not<\/em> encourage superstition. In the other high-income countries surveyed, much smaller shares say this. And majorities in Australia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK say religion <em>encourages<\/em> superstition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;how-do-views-of-religion-s-impact-on-society-differ&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-views-of-religion-s-impact-on-society-differ\">How do views of religion\u2019s impact on society differ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=197818\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f1f0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f1f0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_05.png?resize=480,862 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_05.png?resize=782,1404 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_05.png?resize=840,1508 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"754\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_05.png?w=420\" alt=\"A dot plot showing that Adults who pray daily more likely than others to say religion helps society\" class=\"wp-image-197818 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, people who pray at least daily are more positive about the impact of religion on society than those who pray less often. This is consistent across all three of the questions about religion and public life discussed in this chapter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, people who say they belong to a religion themselves also tend to see religion in more positive terms \u2013 again, across all three questions \u2013 than those who are religiously unaffiliated (those who identify as atheist, agnostic or \u201cnothing in particular\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"views-by-religiousness\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views by religiousness<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People who say they pray daily are more likely than others to say religion helps society, encourages tolerance and does <em>not<\/em> encourage superstitious thinking. In many cases, these differences are sizable. For example, 85% of Australians who pray at least once a day say religion mostly helps society, compared with 37% of Australians who pray less frequently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These differences tend to be particularly large in less religious, high-income countries like the Netherlands and France. The differences are generally less pronounced or not significant in highly religious, middle-income countries like Bangladesh and Malaysia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"views-by-religion\">Views by religion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=197817\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f5f4f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f5f4f3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_06.png?resize=480,905 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_06.png?resize=782,1475 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_06.png?resize=840,1584 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"792\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_06.png?w=420\" alt=\"A dot plot showing that Religiously unaffiliated are less likely than religiously affiliated people to say religion encourages tolerance\" class=\"wp-image-197817 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The religiously affiliated tend to be more positive about religion than the unaffiliated in all countries where this analysis is possible \u2013 and across all questions asked about religion\u2019s impact on society. For example, in Peru, 82% of Christians say religion encourages tolerance, compared with 53% of Peruvians who do not have a religious affiliation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peru exemplifies another pattern: In some middle-income countries, even the <em>unaffiliated <\/em>express mostly positive views of religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across the 36 countries surveyed, certain religious groups stand out. <strong>Muslims are generally the most likely to say religion helps society, encourages tolerance and does not encourage superstition.<\/strong> For example, nearly all Muslims in Tunisia (99%) and Indonesia (95%) say religion encourages tolerance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But it\u2019s also the case in countries where Muslims are in the minority:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Muslim Israelis are more likely than Jewish Israelis to say religion encourages tolerance and helps society.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the U.S., both Muslims (83%) and Christians (77%) overwhelmingly agree that religion encourages tolerance, compared with 52% of Jewish Americans and 32% of religiously unaffiliated Americans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In India, similar majorities of Hindus and Muslims say that religion encourages tolerance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only in Sri Lanka are Muslims significantly less likely than other religious groups to say religion encourages tolerance, even though a large majority of Sri Lankan Muslims (75%) take this position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Particularly in the Sub-Saharan African, Latin American and Asia-Pacific countries surveyed, <strong>large majorities of Christians also generally say religion helps society and encourages tolerance.<\/strong> For example, 96% of South Korean Christians say religion mostly helps society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In some European countries, though, Christians are less positive about religion\u2019s role in society \u2013 even if they remain more positive than unaffiliated people. In Sweden, only about one-third of Christians say religion encourages tolerance, and 54% of Swedish Christians say religion encourages <em>intolerance<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Buddhists across Southeast Asia overwhelmingly say religion helps society and encourages tolerance.<\/strong> This is especially the case in Sri Lanka, where at least nine-in-ten Buddhists agree with each statement. Smaller majorities of Buddhists in South Korea and Japan say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hindus<\/strong> in Bangladesh are more likely to say religion helps society (95%) and doesn\u2019t encourage superstitious thinking (70%) than are Indian Hindus (78% and 53%, respectively). However, India\u2019s Hindu majority is similar to Bangladesh\u2019s Hindu minority on the belief that religion encourages tolerance (68% vs. 62%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"views-by-age\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Views by age<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=197816\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f1f2f0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f1f2f0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_07.png?resize=480,930 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_07.png?resize=782,1516 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_07.png?resize=840,1628 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"814\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_1_07.png?w=420\" alt=\"A dot plot showing that Older adults somewhat more likely to say religion does not encourage superstition\" class=\"wp-image-197816 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Older people are more likely than younger people to dismiss a connection between religion and superstition. This is true in more than half of the countries surveyed, and the pattern is more common in Latin America and Europe than in other regions. But age differences are somewhat muted when it comes to whether religion helps society and whether it increases tolerance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of these age differences are also related to differences in religiousness, as younger adults tend to be <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2018\/06\/13\/the-age-gap-in-religion-around-the-world\/\">less religiously observant<\/a> in many countries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Large shares of adults in most of the 36 countries we surveyed say religion helps society rather than harms it.[2. numoffset=&#8221;2&#8243; In the U.S., we previously asked very similar questions about the impact of religion on society using a slightly different scale. For more, read the 2023 report \u201cSpirituality Among Americans.\u201d] Most also say religion [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":648,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","prc_watchers":[],"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"bylines":[],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[395,66,412,84,171,172,447],"tags":[],"bylines":[866,954,701,555,648,589],"collection":[],"datasets":[2774,2776,2789],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[504,498,497,509,505,515],"research-teams":[525,517],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-197770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-international-political-values","category-nationalism","category-pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project","category-religion_government-3","category-religion-government-1","category-religion-politics-1","category-religion-politics-3","bylines-jonathan-evans","bylines-laura-silver","bylines-manolo-corichi","bylines-maria-smerkovich","bylines-sneha-gubbala","bylines-william-miner","datasets-american-trends-panel-wave-143","datasets-american-trends-panel-wave-145","datasets-spring-2024-survey-data","formats-report","regions-countries-germany","regions-countries-india","regions-countries-israel","regions-countries-mexico","regions-countries-multiple-regions-worldwide","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-global","research-teams-religion"],"label":false,"post_parent":197747,"word_count":1140,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/01\/28\/what-impact-do-people-around-the-world-think-religion-has-on-their-society\/","art_direction":{"A2":{"id":197912,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":197912,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":197912,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":197912,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"A1":{"id":197912,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"","chartArt":false},"social":{"id":197912,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/01\/pg_2025.01.28_comp-rel-nat_feature.png?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"caption":"","chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[{"id":197747,"title":"Comparing Levels of Religious Nationalism Around the World","slug":"comparing-levels-of-religious-nationalism-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2025\/01\/28\/comparing-levels-of-religious-nationalism-around-the-world\/","is_active":false},{"id":197770,"title":"1. 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