{"id":195276,"date":"2024-12-11T13:55:51","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T18:55:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=195276"},"modified":"2025-08-08T14:45:36","modified_gmt":"2025-08-08T18:45:36","slug":"global-elections-in-2024-what-we-learned-in-a-year-of-political-disruption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/12\/11\/global-elections-in-2024-what-we-learned-in-a-year-of-political-disruption\/","title":{"rendered":"Global Elections in 2024: What We Learned in a Year of Political Disruption"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide on-top is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-05ac5a3b wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:20%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links has-small-icon-size has-icon-color is-style-logos-only is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-3e41869c wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li data-wp-context=\"{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/?p=195276&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Global Elections in 2024: What We Learned in a Year of Political Disruption&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Voters in more than 60 countries went to the polls in what turned out to be a difficult year for incumbents and traditional political parties.&quot;,&quot;platform&quot;:&quot;facebook&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/social-links\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\" style=\"color:#2a2a2a\" class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook 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parties.&quot;,&quot;platform&quot;:&quot;x&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/social-links\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\" style=\"color:#2a2a2a\" class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-x has-text-color-color wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M13.982 10.622 20.54 3h-1.554l-5.693 6.618L8.745 3H3.5l6.876 10.007L3.5 21h1.554l6.012-6.989L15.868 21h5.245l-7.131-10.378Zm-2.128 2.474-.697-.997-5.543-7.93H8l4.474 6.4.697.996 5.815 8.318h-2.387l-4.745-6.787Z\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">X<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li data-wp-context=\"{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/?p=195276&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Global Elections in 2024: What We Learned in a Year of Political Disruption&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Voters in more than 60 countries went to the polls in what turned out to be a difficult year for incumbents and traditional political parties.&quot;,&quot;platform&quot;:&quot;linkedin&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/social-links\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\" style=\"color:#2a2a2a\" class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin has-text-color-color wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ceeb4da4453f8cabd3a5fce68c9cac49\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);min-height:442px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#675d5f\"><\/span><img data-dominant-color=\"554d4c\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #554d4c;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3000\" height=\"1172\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-195453 not-transparent\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_MainFeature_NoBorder_Larger.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_MainFeature_NoBorder_Larger.png 3000w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_MainFeature_NoBorder_Larger.png?resize=300,117 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_MainFeature_NoBorder_Larger.png?resize=768,300 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_MainFeature_NoBorder_Larger.png?resize=1024,400 1024w, 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https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_MainFeature_NoBorder_Larger.png?resize=160,63 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_MainFeature_NoBorder_Larger.png?resize=320,125 320w\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c9dac35a wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ui-white-color has-text-color has-link-color has-h-one-font-size wp-elements-1722bf925d66c832c8026e18d5712702\" id=\"global-elections-in-2024-what-we-learned-in-a-year-of-political-disruption\">Global Elections in 2024: What We Learned in a Year of  Political Disruption<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-bylines-display-is-layout-7b1574cb wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display-is-layout-flex\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display__bylines\"><span class=\"wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display__prefix\">By<\/span> <a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/richard-wike\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Richard Wike\">Richard Wike<\/a><span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator\">, <\/span><a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/moira-fagan\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Moira Fagan\">Moira Fagan<\/a> <span class=\"prc-platform-staff-bylines__and-separator\">and<\/span> <a rel=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/staff\/laura-clancy\/\" aria-label=\"View author archive for Laura Clancy\">Laura Clancy<\/a><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-date has-small-label-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2024-12-11T13:55:51-05:00\">December 11, 2024<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2024 was a remarkable year for elections as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idea.int\/initiatives\/the-2024-global-elections-supercycle\">voters in more than 60 countries<\/a> went to the polls. It also turned out to be a <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/global-elections-2024-incumbents-defeated-c80fbd4e667de86fe08aac025b333f95\">difficult year for incumbents<\/a> and traditional political parties. Rattled by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/11\/08\/briefing\/how-inflation-shaped-voting.html\">rising prices<\/a>, divided over <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2024\/07\/06\/france-elections-2024-rise-of-le-pen-shows-scale-of-polarization.html\">cultural issues<\/a> and angry at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cx2nn16wrk2o\">political status quo<\/a>, voters in many countries sent a message of frustration.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis of the 2024 election year is based on global public opinion data from surveys conducted by Pew Research Center and independent research. Links to original sources of data \u2013 including the methodologies of individual surveys and the specific questions asked \u2013 are available here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Global ratings of the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/06\/07\/economic-ratings-across-34-countries-are-more-negative-than-positive\/\">economy<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/06\/18\/satisfaction-with-democracy-has-declined-in-recent-years-in-high-income-nations\/\">democracy<\/a> in 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>International <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/15\/in-us-and-elsewhere-most-say-their-country-will-be-better-off-embracing-changes-over-sticking-to-traditions\/\">attitudes toward tradition and change<\/a> in 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Americans\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/11\/25\/wide-partisan-divisions-remain-in-americans-views-of-the-war-in-ukraine\/\">views of U.S. support for Ukraine<\/a> in 2024.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this essay, we analyze four major themes that emerged from this year\u2019s busy slate of elections around the world:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><a href=\"#a-tough-year-for-incumbents\">A tough year for incumbents<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"#the-staying-power-of-right-wing-populism\">The staying power of right-wing populism<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"#polarized-battles-over-tradition-and-change\">Polarized battles over tradition and change<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"#international-conflicts-with-political-implications\">International conflicts with political implications<\/a><\/em><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained block-visibility-hide-medium-screen prc-block-visibility__tablet block-visibility-hide-small-screen prc-block-visibility__mobile\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eae8e8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eae8e8;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_ht.png?resize=480,218 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_ht.png?resize=782,355 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_ht.png?resize=960,436 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_ht.png?resize=1200,545 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_ht.png?resize=1280,581 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"291\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_ht.png?w=640\" alt=\"timeline showing election dates for many countries (and the European Parliament) around the world.\" class=\"wp-image-195314 not-transparent\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained block-visibility-hide-large-screen prc-block-visibility__desktop\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e8e6e6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"1280\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_vt.png?resize=480,991 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_vt.png?resize=620,1280 620w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_vt.png?w=620\" alt=\"Timeline showing election dates for many countries (and the European Parliament) around the world.\" class=\"wp-image-195313 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e8e6e6; width:310px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-style-default has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d7d472c8dd78833b52ab5f80f400af44\" style=\"min-height:470px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-ui-text-color-background-color has-background-dim-60 has-background-dim\"><\/span><img data-dominant-color=\"35434e\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #35434e;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"500\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-195345 not-transparent\" alt=\"South Africa's general election results come in at the Gallagher Convention Center in Midrand on June 2, 2024. The African National Congress failed to win a majority of National Assembly seats for the first time since the end of apartheid. (Phill Magakoe\/AFP via Getty Images)\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=300,117 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=768,300 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=1024,400 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=1037,405 1037w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=200,78 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=260,102 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=310,121 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=420,164 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=640,250 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=740,289 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=160,63 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Incumbents.png?resize=320,125 320w\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ui-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-efb556bdc060454f0ab4a6fc778897c9\" id=\"a-tough-year-for-incumbents\">A tough year for incumbents<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide captions-hidden has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f2301368 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained block-visibility-hide-medium-screen prc-block-visibility__tablet block-visibility-hide-small-screen prc-block-visibility__mobile\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70\">South Africa&#8217;s general election results come in at the Gallagher Convention Center in Midrand on June 2, 2024. The African National Congress failed to win a majority of National Assembly seats for the first time since the end of apartheid. (Phill Magakoe\/AFP via Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In one of the year\u2019s highest-profile elections, Democrats in the <strong>United States<\/strong> lost the presidency, with Donald Trump, the Republican former president, defeating Vice President Kamala Harris. Republicans also won majorities in both houses of Congress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It was the third straight U.S. presidential election in which the incumbent party lost. And it was one of many notable losses for incumbents around the world in 2024:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the <strong>United Kingdom<\/strong> \u2013 unlike in the U.S. \u2013 political power swung to the left. The Labour Party <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/world\/live-news\/uk-general-election-results-2024-intl\/index.html\">won an overwhelming parliamentary majority<\/a>, bringing 14 years of Conservative Party rule to an end.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The most dramatic defeat for a longtime incumbent party may have occurred in the southern African nation of <strong>Botswana<\/strong>, where the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/11\/01\/world\/africa\/botswana-election-results.html\">Botswana Democratic Party lost power<\/a> for the first time in nearly 60 years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In April, <strong>South Korean<\/strong> voters gave the opposition Democratic Party a majority of seats in the National Assembly in what was seen as a check on President Yoon Suk Yeol of the People Power Party. In early December, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/12\/03\/g-s1-36594\/south-korea-martial-law\">President Yoon imposed martial law<\/a> and accused Democratic Party leaders of \u201canti-state\u201d activities. The National Assembly quickly reversed Yoon\u2019s decision, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/12\/03\/nx-s1-5214630\/south-korea-lawmakers-voted-to-overturn-the-presidents-declaration-of-martial-law\">voting unanimously to lift martial law<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Opposition parties of various ideological stripes won power in a diverse set of nations, including <strong>Ghana<\/strong>, <strong>Panama<\/strong>,<strong> Portugal <\/strong>and <strong>Uruguay<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elsewhere, incumbent parties held on to power but still suffered significant setbacks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In <strong>South Africa<\/strong>, the African National Congress <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2024\/6\/2\/south-africa-elections-results-what-happens-next\">failed to win a majority of National Assembly seats<\/a> for the first time since the end of apartheid.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Japan<\/strong>\u2019s Liberal Democratic Party \u2013 which has governed the country for most of the post-World War II era \u2013 and its coalition partner, Komeito, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/10\/28\/world\/asia\/japan-election.html\">lost their majority in the parliament<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>India<\/strong>\u2019s Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party won a third consecutive victory but were <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/india-election-results-2024-lok-sabha-modi-bjp-7893efecc83fa8225a611f174e6420ee\">forced into a coalition government<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In<strong> France<\/strong>, President Emmanuel Macron\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/07\/08\/europe\/france-election-what-next-explainer-intl\/index.html\">decision to hold snap elections<\/a> in the summer backfired. Macron\u2019s centrist Ensemble alliance lost ground to both the left-wing New Popular Front and the right-wing National Rally.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dadddd\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dadddd;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_01.png?resize=480,543 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_01.png?resize=620,702 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"351\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_01.png?w=310\" alt=\"Opposing bar chart of medians showing that many rate their economic situations poorly and are dissatisfied with democracy\" class=\"wp-image-195312 not-transparent\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What made 2024 such a tough year for incumbents? While every election is shaped by local factors, <strong>economic challenges were a consistent theme across the globe<\/strong>. That included the U.S., where <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2024\/09\/09\/issues-and-the-2024-election\/\">the economy was the top issue<\/a> for registered voters \u2013 especially for <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/11\/13\/what-trump-supporters-believe-and-expect\/\">those who supported Trump<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A survey we conducted in 34 countries earlier this year illustrated <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/06\/07\/economic-ratings-across-34-countries-are-more-negative-than-positive\/\">the extent of global economic gloom<\/a>. Across these nations, a median of 64% of adults said their national economy was in bad shape. In several nations that held elections in 2024 \u2013 including France, Japan, South Africa, South Korea and the UK \u2013 more than seven-in-ten expressed this view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inflation was an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/graphics\/GLOBAL-ELECTIONS2024\/gdvzmkejkpw\/\">especially important issue<\/a> in this year\u2019s elections, although economic concerns were prevalent in many countries before the post-pandemic wave of global price increases. The past two decades have seen financial crises, the Great Recession, the COVID-19 economic downturn, inflation and ongoing economic inequality, all of which may have shaped the mood in nations around the globe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the economy wasn\u2019t the only thing driving voter discontent. Our global surveys over the past few years have highlighted a <strong>broader frustration with the functioning of representative democracy<\/strong>. Across 31 nations we surveyed in 2024, a median of 54% of adults were <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/06\/18\/satisfaction-with-democracy-has-declined-in-recent-years-in-high-income-nations\/\">dissatisfied with the way democracy is working in their country<\/a>. And in several high-income nations, dissatisfaction has increased significantly over the past three years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our surveys have shown that many people feel disconnected from political leaders and institutions. Large majorities in many nations <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/02\/28\/representative-democracy-remains-a-popular-ideal-but-people-around-the-world-are-critical-of-how-its-working\/#widespread-belief-that-elected-officials-are-out-of-touch\">believe elected officials don\u2019t care<\/a> what people like them think. Many say there is <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/02\/28\/representative-democracy-remains-a-popular-ideal-but-people-around-the-world-are-critical-of-how-its-working\/#many-don-t-think-political-parties-represent-them\">no political party that represents their views<\/a> well. And large shares say people like them <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2022\/12\/06\/satisfaction-with-democracy-and-political-efficacy-in-advanced-economies-2022\/#most-do-not-think-they-can-influence-politics-in-their-country\">have little or no influence<\/a> on politics in their country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-style-default has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-653b92566bb18a79263068a7e121d6aa\" style=\"min-height:470px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-ui-text-color-background-color has-background-dim-60 has-background-dim\"><\/span><img data-dominant-color=\"69514c\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #69514c;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"500\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-195347 not-transparent\" alt=\"Supporters of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) political party gather at a campaign rally in Erfurt, Germany, on Aug. 31, 2024. AfD went on to win in Thuringia, becoming Germany's first far-right party to win a state election since World War II. (Sean Gallup\/Getty Images)\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=300,117 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=768,300 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=1024,400 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=1037,405 1037w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=200,78 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=260,102 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=310,121 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=420,164 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=640,250 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=740,289 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=160,63 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_RightWing.png?resize=320,125 320w\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;the-staying-power-of-right-wing-populism&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ui-white-color has-text-color has-h-1-font-size\" id=\"the-staying-power-of-right-wing-populism\">The staying power of right-wing populism<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide captions-hidden has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f2301368 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained block-visibility-hide-medium-screen prc-block-visibility__tablet block-visibility-hide-small-screen prc-block-visibility__mobile\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70\">Supporters of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) political party gather at a campaign rally in Erfurt, Germany, on Aug. 31, 2024. AfD went on to win in Thuringia, becoming Germany&#8217;s first far-right party to win a state election since World War II. (Sean Gallup\/Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Frustrations with the political class have created opportunities for right-wing populists and other challengers to traditional parties and the political status quo. Several elections this year in Europe highlighted this trend:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Right-wing populist parties, many of which campaigned on sharply anti-immigration platforms, <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/eu-election-results-european-parliament-acd0ceef91d198cf5e9ee695f394b28c\">gained ground<\/a> in this year\u2019s <strong>European parliamentary elections<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Parties on the left and in the center worked together to keep Marine Le Pen\u2019s right-wing populist National Rally out of power in <strong>France<\/strong> in this year\u2019s parliamentary elections. But Le Pen\u2019s party nonetheless <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2024\/07\/07\/world\/france-election-2024\">significantly increased the number of seats it holds in the National Assembly<\/a>. In early December, National Rally voted with New Popular Front, a coalition of left-leaning parties, to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/live\/2024\/dec\/04\/france-government-vote-no-confidence-barnier-lepen-europe-live\">end the government of conservative Michel Barnier<\/a> after just three months.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In <strong>Austria<\/strong>, the far-right Freedom Party won 29% of the vote in September elections \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/09\/29\/europe\/austria-election-results-freedom-party-intl-hnk\/index.html\">a higher share than any other party<\/a> and its best-ever result. It is unlikely, however, that any governing coalition will include the party.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Three far-right parties <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/romania-elections-far-right-parliament-europe-russia-08a89b2ea35ee2dca14a8a17235f8993\">had a strong showing<\/a> in <strong>Romania<\/strong>\u2019s Dec. 1 parliamentary elections. Also, right-wing candidate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/12\/01\/europe\/romania-election-russian-interference-intl-latam\/index.html\">Calin Georgescu received the most votes<\/a> in the first round of the country\u2019s presidential elections. However, on Dec. 6, <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/romania-election-president-georgescu-court-585e8f8f3ce7013951f5c7cf4054179b\">Romania\u2019s Constitutional Court annulled the first-round results<\/a> after evidence emerged of substantial Russian interference in the election.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Portugal<\/strong> joined the list of European nations with a significant right-wing party following <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/03\/14\/1238226873\/portugal-election-uncertainty-far-right\">Chega\u2019s success in the March elections<\/a>. The party won 50 out of 230 parliamentary seats, up from just 12 in 2022 and one in 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/2024-general-election-performance-of-reform-and-the-greens\/\">Reform UK won the third-highest share of the vote<\/a> in the<strong> United Kingdom<\/strong>\u2019s general election, with 14%. And its leader, Nigel Farage, finally won a seat in Parliament in his eighth attempt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alternative for Germany became the first far-right political party to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2024\/09\/01\/germany-far-right-afd-elections\/\">win a state election<\/a> in <strong>Germany<\/strong> since World War II.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the past decade, commentators have regularly debated whether right-wing populism in Europe is <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2024\/03\/13\/eu-parliament-elections-populism-far-right\/\">rising or falling<\/a>, based on the results of the most recent election. But the larger story is that <strong>right-wing populist parties have become embedded in Europe\u2019s political landscape<\/strong>, significantly disrupting the continent\u2019s politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In some cases, right-wing parties have won the most votes, as in <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/netherlands-election-candidates-prime-minister-f31f57a856f006ff0f2fc4984acaca6b\"><strong>the Netherlands<\/strong> in 2023<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2022\/09\/25\/italy-election-results-meloni-right\/\"><strong>Italy<\/strong> in 2022<\/a>. Sometimes they have lost power, as in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/poland-election-results-opposition-donald-tusk-wins-final-count-civic-platform-pis\/\"><strong>Poland<\/strong>\u2019s late 2023 elections<\/a>. But they are now consistently competitive in ways they were not until relatively recently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Populists have had success outside of Europe as well. In the <strong>United States<\/strong>, Trump\u2019s \u201cMake America Great Again\u201d movement has become the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/us-republicans-have-taken-sharp-populist-turn-trump-era-reutersipsos-data-shows-2024-03-21\/\">dominant force within the Republican Party<\/a>. The party has moved in a populist direction that looks very different from the pre-2015 GOP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With Republican electoral victories this year, the party will soon control the executive and legislative branches of government. Republican presidents have also appointed six of the nine current Supreme Court justices. Trump appointed three of these in his first term and may have the opportunity to appoint more in his second.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Different varieties of right-wing leaders have found success in other regions as well. In <strong>India<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/2024\/06\/indias-shock-election-result-loss-modi-win-democracy\">Narendra Modi may have suffered a setback<\/a> in this year\u2019s elections, but he still dominates the nation\u2019s politics. In <strong>Indonesia<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/02\/13\/world\/asia\/indonesia-election-jokowi-role.html\">Prabowo Subianto won the presidential election<\/a> amid concerns about his human rights record.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Right-wing leaders in Latin America offer an eclectic mix of ideologies. But <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/the-americas\/2024\/04\/01\/latin-americas-new-hard-right-bukele-milei-kast-and-bolsonaro\">as The Economist has noted<\/a>, several share an opposition to abortion, women\u2019s rights and LGBTQ+ rights; an opposition to social democracy; and a hard-line view on crime. This group includes <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/argentina-election-president-milei-massa-a4811c5229d35551f8dbf7056d87aae6\">Javier Milei<\/a>, who won the presidential election in <strong>Argentina<\/strong> in December 2023, and <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/el-salvador-nayib-bukele-election-8637667ca3b9f35c9ffd2baf805a9ade\"><strong>El Salvador<\/strong>\u2019s Nayib Bukele<\/a>, who won reelection as president with over 80% of the vote and was buoyed by strong support for his crackdown on criminal gangs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Populism has had some success on the left, too. One example is <strong>Mexico<\/strong>\u2019s Morena party, which has only been in existence for about a decade but <a href=\"https:\/\/crsreports.congress.gov\/product\/pdf\/IN\/IN12356\">now dominates the nation\u2019s politics<\/a>. Building on the popularity of outgoing President Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador and the country\u2019s relatively positive economic mood, <a href=\"https:\/\/data.ipu.org\/parliament\/MX\/MX-LC01\/election\/MX-LC01-E20240602\/\">Morena won outright majorities in both chambers<\/a> of the Congress. And Morena\u2019s Claudia Sheinbaum is now <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/10\/01\/nx-s1-5134570\/mexico-has-a-new-president-and-its-first-female-leader-in-an-historic-inauguration-day\">Mexico\u2019s first female president<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether on the right or left, populist parties have been able to capitalize on voters\u2019 frustrations with elites \u2013 and the belief, shared by many, that establishment parties and leaders are <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/02\/28\/views-about-political-representation\/\">out of touch with ordinary citizens<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-style-default has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67e79c9d76667c4fab93894f5b3c8ab5\" style=\"min-height:470px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-ui-text-color-background-color has-background-dim-60 has-background-dim\"><\/span><img data-dominant-color=\"78696d\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #78696d;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"500\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-195348 not-transparent\" alt=\"Abortion-rights supporters stage a counterprotest during the 50th annual March for Life rally on Washington, D.C.'s National Mall on Jan. 20, 2023, several months after a U.S. Supreme Court ruling ended the federal right to abortion. (Chip Somodevilla\/Getty Images)\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=300,117 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=768,300 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=1024,400 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=1037,405 1037w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=200,78 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=260,102 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=310,121 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=420,164 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=640,250 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=740,289 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=160,63 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_Polarization.jpg?resize=320,125 320w\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;polarized-battles-over-tradition-and-change&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ui-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a50117716a1bdfafeea9bbf1456e08fa\" id=\"polarized-battles-over-tradition-and-change\">Polarized battles over tradition and change<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide captions-hidden has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f2301368 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained block-visibility-hide-medium-screen prc-block-visibility__tablet block-visibility-hide-small-screen prc-block-visibility__mobile\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70\">Abortion-rights supporters stage a counterprotest during the 50th annual March for Life rally on Washington, D.C.&#8217;s National Mall on Jan. 20, 2023, several months after a U.S. Supreme Court ruling ended the federal right to abortion. (Chip Somodevilla\/Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The spread of populism has coincided with deepening political divides over culture and identity in many nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <strong>France<\/strong>, Le Pen and her National Rally party regularly make arguments about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/france\/20240620-how-france-s-far-right-changed-the-debate-on-immigration\">defending French culture and civilization<\/a> from immigrants and outsiders. The Freedom Party of Austria, Alternative for Germany, the Party for Freedom in the Netherlands and the Brothers of Italy also have made concerns about immigration \u2013 especially immigration from predominantly Muslim nations \u2013 central to their platforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f2f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f2f1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_02.png?resize=480,790 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_02.png?resize=782,1287 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_02.png?resize=840,1382 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"691\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_02.png?w=420\" alt=\"dotplot showing ideological difference between the left, center and right across 15 countries. In these countries, those on the left are more likely to say their country will be better off if it is open to changes than those on the right.\" class=\"wp-image-195316 not-transparent\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, <strong>Austria<\/strong>\u2019s Freedom Party <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/world\/europe\/2022\/06\/austria-far-right-new-enemy-lgbtq-community\">has opposed LGBTQ+ rights<\/a>. Its platform includes a constitutional determination that there are only two genders, and the party opposes same-sex relationships. Similar issues have appeared in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/2024-election\/trump-vows-stop-gender-affirming-care-minors-re-elected-president-rcna68461\">other 2024 elections<\/a> as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More broadly, surveys have found sharp ideological divides over the value of tradition in society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 2022 cross-national Pew Research Center survey <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2023\/05\/15\/in-us-and-elsewhere-most-say-their-country-will-be-better-off-embracing-changes-over-sticking-to-traditions\/\">included a question exploring tradition and change<\/a>. It asked respondents whether they believe their country will be better off in the future if it sticks to its traditions and ways of life, or if it is open to changes regarding its traditions and ways of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 15 of the 16 nations where we measured ideology, there was a significant difference between the ideological right and left. The gap was largest by far in the <strong>United States<\/strong>, where 91% of liberals say the country will be better off if it embraces change, compared with just 28% of conservatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And our cross-national polling has consistently shown that the U.S. is more ideologically divided than most, with especially wide gaps on issues including <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/05\/15\/support-for-legal-abortion-is-widespread-in-many-countries-especially-in-europe\/\">abortion<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2022\/08\/31\/climate-change-remains-top-global-threat-across-19-country-survey\/\">climate change<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">America\u2019s two-party system has a tendency to exacerbate ideological differences. And as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/01\/28\/books\/review\/why-were-polarized-ezra-klein.html\">Ezra Klein,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/ajps.12089\">Lilliana Mason<\/a> and other writers have described, polarization has intensified in recent years as various types of identities have become <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/think\/opinion\/why-america-so-polarized-ezra-klein-podcast-transcript-ncna1126481\">\u201cstacked\u201d on top of people\u2019s partisan identities<\/a>. Today, race, religion and ideology are often more aligned with partisanship than was the case when the two major parties were relatively heterogenous coalitions. Often, this results in identity-based conflicts and seemingly existential arguments over different conceptions of American identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-style-default has-ui-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d577a0da698c8edb3fa0ef672c18c0a0\" style=\"min-height:470px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-ui-text-color-background-color has-background-dim-40 has-background-dim\"><\/span><img data-dominant-color=\"534e46\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #534e46;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"500\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-195346 not-transparent\" alt=\"A Ukrainian gunner stands guard in an infantry fighting vehicle on Dec. 7, 2023, in the Donetsk province of Ukraine. (Roman Chop\/Global Images Ukraine via Getty Images)\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=300,117 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=768,300 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=1024,400 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=1037,405 1037w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=200,78 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=260,102 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=310,121 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=420,164 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=640,250 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=740,289 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=160,63 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/PG_24.12.11_GlobalElections_VolatileWorld.png?resize=320,125 320w\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;international-conflicts-with-political-implications&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ui-white-color has-text-color has-h-1-font-size\" id=\"international-conflicts-with-political-implications\">International conflicts with political implications<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide captions-hidden has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f2301368 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained block-visibility-hide-medium-screen prc-block-visibility__tablet block-visibility-hide-small-screen prc-block-visibility__mobile\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-label-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#6d6e70\">A Ukrainian gunner stands guard in an infantry fighting vehicle on Dec. 7, 2023, in the Donetsk province of Ukraine. (Roman Chop\/Global Images Ukraine via Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voters almost always prioritize domestic issues over international challenges. But international conflicts \u2013 especially the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas wars \u2013 nonetheless played an important role in the global election year of 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In many nations, there are <strong>ideological divisions over how to deal with Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine<\/strong>, with support for Kyiv often <a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/international\/4716927-far-right-eu-elections-ukraine\/\">lower among those on the ideological right<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just days before elections in the <strong>United Kingdom<\/strong>, Farage, the leader of the Reform UK party, reiterated previous claims that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cldd44zv3kpo\">Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine had been \u201cprovoked\u201d<\/a> by \u201cthe ever-eastward expansion of NATO and the European Union.\u201d In <strong>France<\/strong>, Le Pen has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-61073894\">critical of EU sanctions against Russia<\/a> and has called for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/07\/05\/europe\/france-le-pen-ukraine-mbappe-intl-cmd\/index.html\">restrictions on French aid to Ukraine<\/a>. And she has had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/03\/24\/world\/europe\/marine-le-pen-of-france-meets-with-putin-in-moscow.html\">kind words<\/a> in the past for Russian President Vladimir Putin and his policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d4d8d5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d4d8d5;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_03.png?resize=480,1054 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_03.png?resize=620,1362 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"681\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/12\/pg_2024.12.11_global-elections-2024_03.png?w=310\" alt=\"Area chart showing views of the U.S. providing too much, not enough, or about the right amount of support among the total sample, among Democrats and among Republicans.\" class=\"wp-image-195315 not-transparent\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In<strong> Slovakia<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/04\/06\/world\/europe\/slovakia-election-president.html\">voters chose as their new president Peter Pellegrini<\/a>, a close ally of the country\u2019s pro-Russia Prime Minister Robert Fico. And right-wing populist parties in <strong>Austria<\/strong> and <strong>Germany<\/strong> have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/germany-ukraine-afd-election-1947568\">expressed reservations<\/a> about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/world\/austria-election-results-far-right-fpo-wins-rcna173160\">support for Ukraine<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many on the ideological right in the <strong>United States<\/strong> are also skeptical about supporting Ukraine. When a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/04\/20\/us\/politics\/house-foreign-aid-bill.html\">Ukraine aid bill passed the House of Representatives in April<\/a>, Republicans were divided, with 101 voting in favor and 112 opposing the legislation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the Munich Security Conference in February, JD Vance \u2013 now the vice president-elect \u2013 said <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/ukraine-congress-weapons-munich-conference-25545e9b3cd51066eaa904af1927b9de\">the U.S. should provide less aid to Kyiv<\/a>. And as a Senate candidate in 2022, he said, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/gop-candidate-jd-vance-i-dont-care-what-happens-ukraine-2022-2\">I don\u2019t really care<\/a> what happens to Ukraine one way or another.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center polling has documented <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2024\/11\/25\/wide-partisan-divisions-remain-in-americans-views-of-the-war-in-ukraine\/\">declining support among Republicans<\/a> for providing aid to Ukraine since Russia\u2019s invasion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile<strong>, the Israel-Hamas war has generated tensions within the ideological left<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take the <strong>United Kingdom<\/strong>. While the Labour Party <a href=\"https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/research-briefings\/cbp-10009\/\">won an overwhelming victory<\/a> this year, some of its few losses were to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/07\/05\/uk\/labour-gaza-israel-vote-uk-election-gbr-intl\/index.html\">candidates on the left<\/a> who were critical of Prime Minister Keir Starmer\u2019s support for Israel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the <strong>United States<\/strong>, polling highlights sharp divisions among the supporters of the Democratic Party, <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/2024\/03\/21\/views-of-the-u-s-role-in-the-israel-hamas-war\/#is-biden-favoring-one-side-too-much-or-striking-the-right-balance\">especially young liberals<\/a>, many of whom opposed the Biden administration\u2019s approach to the Israel-Hamas war. It was also an issue in <strong>France<\/strong>, where many have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/politics\/article\/2024\/06\/29\/french-elections-left-s-campaign-poisoned-by-anti-semitism-accusations-against-melenchon_6676107_5.html\">accused leaders of France Unbowed<\/a> \u2013 which has been strongly critical of Israel \u2013 of antisemitism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;looking-ahead&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"looking-ahead\">Looking ahead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The list of nations set to <a href=\"https:\/\/electionguide.org\/elections\/type\/upcoming\/\">hold national elections in 2025<\/a> includes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-service-commission\/services\/political-activities\/election-calendar.html\">Canada<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ndi.org\/2025-chile-general-election\">Chile<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/germany-federal-snap-election-take-place-feb-23-2025\/\">Germany<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ndi.org\/2025-jamaica-general-election\">Jamaica<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/norway-prime-minister-says-he-plans-lead-government-sept-election-2024-12-03\/\">Norway<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/politics\/stakes-in-ge2025-are-high-no-guarantee-pap-will-win-and-form-a-stable-govt-says-pm-wong\">Singapore<\/a>. The results will show whether incumbents \u2013 and those who are seen as representing the political status quo \u2013 continue to be targets of voter discontent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;acknowledgments&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"acknowledgments\">Acknowledgments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This report was written by Richard Wike, director of global attitudes research; Moira Fagan, research associate; and Laura Clancy, research analyst. Janakee Chavda, associate digital producer, produced the report. John Carlo Mandapat, information graphics designer, produced the graphics. It was checked by Christine Huang, research associate; and Jordan Lippert, research analyst. David Kent, senior copy editor, copy edited it. Editorial guidance was provided by John Gramlich, associate director of short reads.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained block-visibility-hide-large-screen prc-block-visibility__desktop\">\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;photo-credits&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"photo-credits\">Photo credits<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>South Africa&#8217;s general election results come in at the Gallagher Convention Center in Midrand on June 2, 2024. The African National Congress failed to win a majority of National Assembly seats for the first time since the end of apartheid. (Phill Magakoe\/AFP via Getty Images)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Supporters of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) political party gather at a campaign rally in Erfurt, Germany, on Aug. 31, 2024. AfD went on to win in Thuringia, becoming Germany&#8217;s first far-right party to win a state election since World War II. (Sean Gallup\/Getty Images)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Abortion-rights supporters stage a counterprotest during the 50th annual March for Life rally on Washington, D.C.&#8217;s National Mall on Jan. 20, 2023, several months after a U.S. Supreme Court ruling ended the federal right to abortion. (Chip Somodevilla\/Getty Images)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>A Ukrainian gunner stands guard in an infantry fighting vehicle on Dec. 7, 2023, in the Donetsk province of Ukraine. 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