{"id":184368,"date":"2024-08-19T09:45:39","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T13:45:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=184368"},"modified":"2025-08-14T11:27:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T15:27:09","slug":"jewish-migrants-around-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/jewish-migrants-around-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"8. Jewish migrants around the world"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"who-are-migrants\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;who-are-migrants&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>Who are migrants?<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The United Nations counts <strong>international migrants<\/strong> as people of any age who live outside their country (or in some cases, territory) of birth \u2013 regardless of their motives for migrating, their length of residence or their legal status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to naturalized citizens and permanent residents, the UN\u2019s international migrant numbers include asylum-seekers and refugees, as well as people without official residence documents. The UN also includes some people who live in a country temporarily \u2013 like some students and guest workers \u2013 but it does not include short-term visitors like tourists, nor does it typically include military forces deployed abroad.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For brevity, this report refers to international migrants simply as <strong>migrants. <\/strong>Occasionally, we use the term <strong>immigrants<\/strong> to differentiate migrants living in a <em>destination country<\/em> from <strong>emigrants<\/strong> who have left an <em>origin country<\/em>. Every person who is living outside of his or her country of birth is all three \u2013 a migrant, an immigrant and an emigrant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The analysis in this report focuses on existing <strong>stocks<\/strong> of international migrants \u2013 all people who now live outside their birth country, no matter when they left. We do not estimate migration <strong>flows<\/strong> \u2013 how many people move across borders in any single year.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jews make up 0.2% of the world\u2019s population but account for 1% of all international migrants. In percentage terms, this means Jews are more likely than people in the world\u2019s other major religious groups to live outside their country of birth.[22. numoffset=&#8221;22&#8243; This report presents interim estimates of the overall population in each religious group (including migrants and nonmigrants) using data from three Pew Research Center studies: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2015\/04\/02\/religious-projections-2010-2050\/\">The Future of World Religions<\/a>\u201d (projections of religious composition to the year 2020 published in 2015), \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2022\/09\/13\/modeling-the-future-of-religion-in-america\/\">Modeling the Future of Religion in America<\/a>\u201d (2022) and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/08\/30\/measuring-religion-in-china\/\">Measuring Religion in China<\/a>\u201d (2023). In the future, the Center will produce new estimates of the overall size of religious groups in 2020, based on data sources that have become available in recent years. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-composition-migrants-methodology\/\">Methodology<\/a> for details.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two-in-ten Jews have moved across national borders as of 2020, compared with smaller shares of Christians (6%), Muslims (4%), Buddhists (2%), religiously unaffiliated people (2%) and Hindus (1%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=184514\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e6e3dd\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e6e3dd;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-01.png?resize=480,296 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-01.png?resize=782,481 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-01.png?resize=960,591 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-01.png?resize=1200,739 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-01.png?resize=1280,788 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"394\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-01.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Bubble chart showing the regions where Jewish migrants now live and where they came from\" class=\"wp-image-184514 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jewish migrants have traveled an average of about 2,300 miles from their origin to destination countries, similar to the distances traveled by Christians, Buddhists and the religiously unaffiliated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Around half of the world\u2019s current stock of 3 million Jewish migrants live in the Middle East-North Africa region, mainly in Israel, the world\u2019s only Jewish-majority country. Europe is the second-most common destination area of Jewish migrants (21%), followed by North America (16%). Smaller shares of Jewish migrants live in the Latin America-Caribbean or Asia-Pacific regions. Very few Jewish migrants reside in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common area of origin for Jewish migrants is Europe (47%).[23. In our regional classification, Europe includes 49 countries and territories, including Russia and seven other countries that were part of the former Soviet Union before its dissolution in December 1991. Read <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-compositions-migrants-appendix-a-regions\/\">Appendix A<\/a> for a list of the countries in each region.] In addition, many Jewish migrants were born in the Middle East-North Africa region (26%), primarily in Israel and Morocco. About 8% of Jewish migrants come from Latin America, and an additional 8% are from Asia. Smaller shares of Jewish migrants were born in North America and sub-Saharan Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;destinations&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"destinations\">Destinations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Israel \u2013 whose Law of Return <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.il\/en\/pages\/the-aliya-story\">grants Jews the right to make \u201caliyah,\u201d<\/a> or move to Israel and receive immediate citizenship \u2013 is far and away the top destination for Jewish migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=184515\"><img data-dominant-color=\"eef0f1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #eef0f1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-02.png?resize=480,577 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-02.png?resize=782,940 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-02.png?resize=840,1010 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"505\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-02.png?w=840\" alt=\"Bar chart showing the top 10 destinations of Jewish migrants\" class=\"wp-image-184515 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As of 2020, about 1.5 million Jews born elsewhere reside in Israel, making up just over half of all Jewish migrants worldwide. Top sources of Jewish migrants in Israel include former Soviet republics such as Ukraine (170,000) and Russia (150,000). Morocco is also high on the list (160,000).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The United States has the second-largest population of Jewish migrants (400,000). Just over a quarter of Jewish immigrants to the U.S. were born in Israel, and sizable populations have come from Russia (50,000) and Canada (50,000).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The United Kingdom is the third-most common destination for Jewish migrants (120,000), closely followed by Australia and Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(In a\u00a0few countries, including the UK, census data collected since 2020 provides migrant counts that differ substantially from the estimates in this report. Refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-composition-migrants-methodology\/#why-our-estimates-may-differ-from-other-sources\">Methodology<\/a> for details.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A sizable number of Jewish migrants live in the Palestinian territories (50,000). Most of them were born in Israel. Many have moved to the West Bank as part of an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/11\/20\/18080052\/israel-settlements-west-bank\">expansion of Israeli settlements<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;origins&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"origins\">Origins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jewish migrants tend to come from Europe and the Middle East-North Africa region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=184525\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ddeaee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ddeaee;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-03.png?resize=480,543 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-03.png?resize=782,884 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-03.png?resize=840,950 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"475\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-03.png?w=840\" alt=\"Bar chart showing the top 10 origins of Jewish migrants\" class=\"wp-image-184525 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Israel, the leading destination for Jewish migrants, is also their top origin country, with 270,000 Jews born in Israel now living elsewhere. Other major sources of Jewish migrants include Russia (240,000), Ukraine (240,000) and other former Soviet republics, such as Moldova and Georgia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Combined, the 15 countries of the former Soviet Union account for 840,000 (or 28%) of the global stock of Jewish migrants in 2020. Many of them <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-36075-7_15\">emigrated to Israel<\/a> in the decade following the Soviet Union\u2019s collapse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Morocco \u2013 an Arab country that for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/05\/31\/travel\/in-morocco-exploring-remnants-of-jewish-history.html\">centuries had a vibrant Jewish community<\/a> \u2013 is the fourth-most common source of Jewish migrants (200,000). Most Jewish migrants from Morocco are now in Israel. In the decades before and especially after Israel\u2019s independence in 1948, many Jews moved to Israel from other countries in the Middle East and North Africa. A sizable number also came from Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;country-pairs&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"country-pairs\">Country pairs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jews often move from countries with shrinking Jewish populations to places where Jewish communities are thriving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=184526\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4ebee\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4ebee;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-04.png?resize=480,479 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-04.png?resize=782,780 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-04.png?resize=840,838 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"419\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_8-04.png?w=840\" alt=\"Bar chart showing the top 10 routes of Jewish migrants\" class=\"wp-image-184526 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 10 most common routes for Jewish international migrants all lead to the same two destinations: Israel and the U.S., which together are home to more than <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2012\/12\/18\/global-religious-landscape-jew\/\">80% of the global Jewish population<\/a> and 64% of Jewish migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ukraine to Israel is the top migration pathway for Jewish migrants, with 170,000 Ukrainian Jews living in Israel as of 2020. Many Russia-born Jews (150,000) also have migrated to Israel, making it the third-most common path for Jewish migrants, globally.[24. Our estimate of 150,000 Russian Jews living in Israel is based on a definition of Jewishness used by the Israeli Ministry of Interior, which counts as Jews only those who meet <em>halakhic<\/em> (religious) legal criteria, i.e., children of Jewish mothers and people who have undergone formal conversions. Our estimate includes people ever born in the geographic area of modern-day Russia. Some researchers using <a href=\"https:\/\/daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/2021-04\/Tolts%20M.%20A%20Half%20Century%20of%20Jewish%20Emigration%20from%20the%20Former%20Soviet%20Union%20-%20Harvard4%20_0.pdf\">more expansive definitions<\/a> have made higher estimates. For example, estimates are higher when using the broader definition of Jewishness set by Israel\u2019s Law of Return, which also counts as Jewish those who have a Jewish father or grandparent, as well as those who marry into a Jewish family. Estimates may be even higher if they include not just people who were born in the area of modern-day Russia, but also Russian-speaking migrants from other parts of the former Soviet Union. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-composition-migrants-methodology\/\">Methodology<\/a> for details.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ukraine- and <a href=\"https:\/\/demreview.hse.ru\/article\/view\/18808\/16495\">Russia-born Jews<\/a>, together with those from other ex-Soviet republics, form the largest migrant group in Israel. About half a million Jewish migrants born in the former Soviet Union now reside in Israel, meaning that 16% of all Jewish migrants were born in ex-Soviet republics and now live in Israel.[25. Our estimates differ slightly from Israeli <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbs.gov.il\/he\/publications\/doclib\/2021\/2.shnatonpopulation\/st02_08.pdf\">Central Bureau of Statistics<\/a>\u2019 (CBS) figures, because the UN\u2019s base number of migrants born in the former Soviet Union now living in Israel differs slightly from the CBS\u2019s number. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-composition-migrants-methodology\/\">Methodology<\/a> for more on estimating the religious composition among migrants to Israel.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike immigrants from elsewhere to Israel who are overwhelmingly Jews, a considerable share of those from the former Soviet republics are not Jews, according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/legal\/legislation\/natlegbod\/1950\/en\/34127#:~:text=4B.&amp;text=For%20the%20purpose%20of%20this,a%20member%20of%20another%20religion\">Israeli Ministry of the Interior\u2019s definition of Jewishness<\/a>, and many <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2016\/03\/30\/israeli-jews-from-the-former-soviet-union-are-more-secular-less-religiously-observant\/\">consider themselves secular<\/a>. Still, these non-Jewish immigrants were eligible to move to Israel as the spouses, children or grandchildren of Jews. For instance, about half of Russia-born immigrants in Israel are formally registered as Jews, compared with virtually all Morocco-born immigrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Morocco to Israel is the second-most common migration route for Jewish migrants (160,000). Following the founding of Israel in 1948, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.il\/en\/pages\/the-aliya-story?chapterIndex=9\">hundreds of thousands of Moroccan Jews left<\/a>, and today <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/05\/31\/travel\/in-morocco-exploring-remnants-of-jewish-history.html\">only a few thousand Jews remain<\/a> in the Muslim-majority country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, as most Jews from Romania, Ethiopia and Poland have migrated to Israel, that country now has many more Romania-, Ethiopia-, or Poland-born Jews than remain in each of these countries. For instance, 90,000 Romanian Jews live in Israel as of 2020, while Romania is home to fewer than 10,000 Jews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many Israel-born Jews (110,000) are now living in the U.S., where Jews make up <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/05\/11\/jewish-americans-in-2020\/\">about 2%<\/a> of the overall population, making this the fourth-most common migration route for Jews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;change-since-1990&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"change-since-1990\">Change since 1990<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The global stock, or total number of Jews living outside their countries of birth, grew from an estimated 2.3 million in 1990 to 3 million in 2020 (up 28%). Jews had the smallest increase among the religious groups in this analysis, smaller than the rise among Hindus (48%) and the religiously unaffiliated (67%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jewish migration patterns have been fairly stable over the past three decades, as Jews continued to move mostly between Europe, Israel and the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Israel and the U.S. remained the most common destinations for Jewish migrants between 1990 and 2020. The foreign-born Jewish population in Israel grew from 1.3 to 1.5 million (up 14%), and in the U.S. it increased from 290,000 to 400,000 (up 41%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The United Kingdom \u2013 which in 2020 was the third-most common destination \u2013 had been ninth on the list in 1990. Jewish migration to the UK rose substantially during this period, with the stock of Jewish migrants living in the UK tripling from 40,000 to 120,000. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(<a>I<\/a>n<a> a<\/a>\u00a0few countries, including the UK, census data collected since 2020 provides migrant counts that differ substantially from the estimates in this report. Refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-composition-migrants-methodology\/#why-our-estimates-may-differ-from-other-sources\">Methodology<\/a> for details.)<a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Germany experienced similar growth, from 30,000 to 90,000, and rose to sixth on the list from 10th.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While France remained a top 10 destination for Jewish migrants, a sizable number of French Jews have left the country as well. Between 1990 and 2020, the number of Jewish migrants living in France grew from 50,000 to 80,000 (up 60%), while the number of French-born Jews residing elsewhere increased from 40,000 to 70,000 (up 81%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, several places, including many former Soviet Union countries, saw a considerable decline in the number of Jewish migrants they host.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For instance, in 1990, Russia was home to 120,000 Jewish migrants, making it their third-most common destination. Since then, the number has fallen to 100,000 (down 19%). Ukraine experienced a similar decline to 50,000 (a 22% drop). In Georgia, the Jewish migrant count dropped to less than 3,000 (down 77%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The number of foreign-born Jews living in the Palestinian territories also decreased in the past three decades, from 80,000 to 50,000 (or 36%), as Jewish settlers who had arrived from Israel in the 1970s and 1980s reached the ends of their lives over this period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the other hand, Jewish migration <em>out of <\/em>the former Soviet republics increased between 1990 and 2020, partly due to the <a href=\"https:\/\/daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/2021-04\/Tolts%20M.%20A%20Half%20Century%20of%20Jewish%20Emigration%20from%20the%20Former%20Soviet%20Union%20-%20Harvard4%20_0.pdf\">mass departures of Jews<\/a> from the region following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jews were disproportionately likely to leave the area during those decades. Between 1990 and 2020, the number of Jews from the former Soviet republics who were living outside their country of birth rose from 620,000 to 840,000 (up 34%), while the number of all migrants from the region rose from 32 million to 33 million (up 4%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The flow of Jews out of the former Soviet republics continues, leaving a small number of Jews still in the region.[26. The number of Jews in Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries declined from 2.2 million in 1970 to fewer than about 325,000 in 2010, according to an analysis by Mark Tolts, a leading expert on Jewish immigrants from the FSU. Refer to Tolts, Mark. 2020. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-36075-7_15\">A Half Century of Jewish Emigration from the Former Soviet Union<\/a>.\u201d In Denisenko, Mikhail, Salvatore Strozza and Matthew Light, eds. \u201cMigration from the Newly Independent States.\u201d]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jews are more likely than other major religious groups to live outside their country of birth, yet they account for just 1% of all global 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Religiously unaffiliated migrants around the world","slug":"religiously-unaffiliated-migrants-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religiously-unaffiliated-migrants-around-the-world\/","is_active":false},{"id":184354,"title":"6. Hindu migrants around the world","slug":"hindu-migrants-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/hindu-migrants-around-the-world\/","is_active":false},{"id":184361,"title":"7. Buddhist migrants around the world","slug":"buddhist-migrants-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/buddhist-migrants-around-the-world\/","is_active":false},{"id":184368,"title":"8. Jewish migrants around the world","slug":"jewish-migrants-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/jewish-migrants-around-the-world\/","is_active":true},{"id":184322,"title":"Geographic spotlights: A closer look at 4 migration stories","slug":"geographic-spotlights-a-closer-look-at-4-migration-stories","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/geographic-spotlights-a-closer-look-at-4-migration-stories\/","is_active":false},{"id":184436,"title":"Acknowledgments","slug":"religious-composition-migrants-acknowledgments","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-composition-migrants-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false},{"id":184373,"title":"Methodology","slug":"religious-composition-migrants-methodology","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-composition-migrants-methodology\/","is_active":false},{"id":184382,"title":"Appendix A: Regions","slug":"religious-compositions-migrants-appendix-a-regions","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-compositions-migrants-appendix-a-regions\/","is_active":false},{"id":184387,"title":"Appendix B: Sources for the religious distribution of migrants, by destination country","slug":"appendix-b-sources-for-the-religious-distribution-of-migrants-by-destination-country","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/appendix-b-sources-for-the-religious-distribution-of-migrants-by-destination-country\/","is_active":false}],"report_materials":[{"key":"_ez1l5afws","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_report.pdf","label":"Report PDF","attachmentId":185174},{"key":"_eqmbvz2nt","type":"link","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-composition-of-the-worlds-migrants-1990-2020\/","label":"Interactive table: Religious composition of the world\u2019s migrants, 1990-2020","icon":"supplemental"},{"type":"dataset","id":2397,"label":"Dataset: Religious Composition of the World\u2019s Migrants, 1990-2020","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/dataset\/dataset-religious-composition-of-the-worlds-migrants-1990-2020\/"}],"report_pagination":{"current_post":{"id":184368,"title":"8. 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Religiously unaffiliated migrants around the world","slug":"religiously-unaffiliated-migrants-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religiously-unaffiliated-migrants-around-the-world\/","is_active":false,"page_num":6},{"id":184354,"title":"6. Hindu migrants around the world","slug":"hindu-migrants-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/hindu-migrants-around-the-world\/","is_active":false,"page_num":7},{"id":184361,"title":"7. Buddhist migrants around the world","slug":"buddhist-migrants-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/buddhist-migrants-around-the-world\/","is_active":false,"page_num":8},{"id":184368,"title":"8. 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