{"id":184342,"date":"2024-08-19T09:45:39","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T13:45:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=184342"},"modified":"2025-08-14T11:27:07","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T15:27:07","slug":"muslim-migrants-around-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/muslim-migrants-around-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"4. Muslim migrants around the world"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"who-are-migrants\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;who-are-migrants&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>Who are migrants?<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The United Nations counts <strong>international migrants<\/strong> as people of any age who live outside their country (or in some cases, territory) of birth \u2013 regardless of their motives for migrating, their length of residence or their legal status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to naturalized citizens and permanent residents, the UN\u2019s international migrant numbers include asylum-seekers and refugees, as well as people without official residence documents. The UN also includes some people who live in a country temporarily \u2013 like some students and guest workers \u2013 but it does not include short-term visitors like tourists, nor does it typically include military forces deployed abroad.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For brevity, this report refers to international migrants simply as <strong>migrants. <\/strong>Occasionally, we use the term <strong>immigrants<\/strong> to differentiate migrants living in a <em>destination country<\/em> from <strong>emigrants<\/strong> who have left an <em>origin country<\/em>. Every person who is living outside of his or her country of birth is all three \u2013 a migrant, an immigrant and an emigrant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The analysis in this report focuses on existing <strong>stocks<\/strong> of international migrants \u2013 all people who now live outside their birth country, no matter when they left. We do not estimate migration <strong>flows<\/strong> \u2013 how many people move across borders in any single year.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roughly 80 million international migrants are Muslim, representing 29% of all people living outside their country of birth. By comparison, Muslims were about 25% of the world\u2019s total population in 2020, making Muslim identity a little more common among migrants than in the overall population.[14. numoffset=&#8221;14&#8243; This report presents interim estimates of the overall population in each religious group (including migrants and nonmigrants) using data from three Pew Research Center studies: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2015\/04\/02\/religious-projections-2010-2050\/\">The Future of World Religions<\/a>\u201d (projections of religious composition to the year 2020 published in 2015), \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2022\/09\/13\/modeling-the-future-of-religion-in-america\/\">Modeling the Future of Religion in America<\/a>\u201d (2022) and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2023\/08\/30\/measuring-religion-in-china\/\">Measuring Religion in China<\/a>\u201d (2023). In the future, the Center will produce new estimates of the overall size of religious groups in 2020, based on data sources that have become available in recent years. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/religious-composition-migrants-methodology\/\">Methodology<\/a> for details.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Muslims have moved shorter distances on average (1,700 miles) than migrants from other major religious groups, staying closer to their countries of origin. For example, large numbers of Muslims from Syria have sought refuge in nearby Turkey and Lebanon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Muslim migrants most commonly live in the Middle East-North Africa region, which hosts 40% of them, and in the Asia-Pacific region (24%). Two-in-ten Muslim migrants live in Europe, and one-in-ten are in sub-Saharan Africa. Only 6% of all Muslim migrants now reside in North America, and even fewer live in Latin America and the Caribbean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As of 2020, almost half of the world\u2019s stock of Muslim migrants was born in Asia and the Pacific, the most common region of origin for Muslims who have left their country of birth. About a third of today\u2019s Muslim migrants were born in the Middle East and North Africa, and 13% are from sub-Saharan Africa. Smaller percentages of Muslim migrants originated in Europe (6%), North America or the Latin America-Caribbean region (less than 0.5% each).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=184480\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e6e6e2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e6e6e2;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-01.png?resize=480,294 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-01.png?resize=782,479 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-01.png?resize=960,588 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-01.png?resize=1200,735 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-01.png?resize=1280,784 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"392\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-01.png?w=1024\" alt=\"Bubble chart showing the regions where Muslim migrants now live and where they came from\" class=\"wp-image-184480 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;destinations&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"destinations\">Destinations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Muslims most commonly move to countries that are wealthy, predominantly Muslim, or both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=184481\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ecece7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ecece7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-02.png?resize=480,550 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-02.png?resize=782,896 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-02.png?resize=840,962 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"481\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-02.png?w=840\" alt=\"Bar chart showing the top 10 destinations of Muslim migrants\" class=\"wp-image-184481 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They have migrated to many different regions: Four of Muslims\u2019 top 10 destinations are in the Middle East and North Africa, two are in Europe, three are in Asia and the Pacific, and one (the United States) is in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Saudi Arabia, the birthplace of Islam, is the most common destination country for Muslim migrants by a wide margin, with an estimated 13% of all Muslim migrants (10.8 million) living there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Saudi kingdom also is the third-most common destination for migrants overall \u2013 roughly four-in-ten Saudi residents are foreign born. The vast majority of migrants to Saudi Arabia are Muslim (80%), as is Saudi Arabia\u2019s overall population (93%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The United Arab Emirates hosts over 6 million foreign-born Muslims, making it the second-most popular destination for Muslim migrants. Like Saudi Arabia, the UAE is a wealthy Muslim nation with a strong demand for foreign labor. International migrants overall make up the vast majority of the UAE\u2019s population (94%).<br><br>Muslim migrants in Saudia Arabia and the UAE most frequently come from India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkey is the third-most common destination for Muslim migrants (5.9 million) as of 2020. Turkey has been economically better off than many of its neighbors and has absorbed a large number of asylum-seekers since the Syrian civil war began in 2011. Mostly due to this influx, there were about six times as many Muslim migrants living in Turkey in 2020 as there had been a decade earlier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The next most popular destinations for Muslim migrants are Germany and the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;origins&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"origins\">Origins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like migrants as a whole \u2013 who gravitate to places that offer safety and better economic conditions \u2013 Muslim migrants often leave their birth countries to escape poverty and danger.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=184482\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ecece7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ecece7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-03.png?resize=480,552 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-03.png?resize=782,899 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-03.png?resize=840,966 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"483\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-03.png?w=840\" alt=\"Bar chart showing the top 10 origins of Muslim migrants\" class=\"wp-image-184482 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common country of origin for Muslim migrants is Syria, where a war broke out in 2011. Fully 10% of the world\u2019s stock of Muslim migrants (8.1 million) were born in Syria. Most have migrated to countries nearby, like Turkey and Lebanon, while some have gone as far as Europe and the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">India is the second-most common country of origin among Muslim migrants, with 6.0 million living there. They are much more likely than people in the country\u2019s Hindu majority to emigrate. Although India\u2019s population is only 15% Muslim, an estimated 33% of all India-born migrants are Muslim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most Muslim migrants from India live in Muslim-majority countries with job opportunities, including the UAE (1.8 million), Saudi Arabia (1.3 million) and Oman (720,000).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Afghanistan is the third-most common origin country for Muslim migrants (5.5 million). A majority of Muslim migrants from Afghanistan live in neighboring Iran (2.7 million) or Pakistan (1.6 million). Migrants from Afghanistan have fled challenging conditions over the decades, including an occupation by the Soviet Union in the 1980s and a U.S.-led invasion in the early 2000s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;country-pairs&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"country-pairs\">Country pairs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common pair of origin and destination countries for Muslim migrants is Syria to Turkey. About 3.9 million Syrian Muslims, including many war refugees, now live in Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=184483\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ecede8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ecede8;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-04.png?resize=480,471 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-04.png?resize=782,767 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-04.png?resize=840,824 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"412\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religious-composition-migrants_4-04.png?w=840\" alt=\"Bar chart showing the top 10 routes of Muslim migrants\" class=\"wp-image-184483 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The next most common routes for Muslims have been Afghanistan to Iran (2.7 million), and the Palestinian territories to Jordan (2.2 million).[15. The United Nations includes in this count migrants who were born in the Palestinian territories as well as their descendants, some of whom were born in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unrwa.org\/palestine-refugees\">refugee camps in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon<\/a>.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;change-since-1990&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"change-since-1990\">Change since 1990<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Muslim migrant population grew from 40 million in 1990 to 80 million in 2020 (up 102%), outpacing overall migrant growth (up 83%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Turkey have seen the biggest jumps since 1990, with 16.8 million additional Muslim migrants in those three countries alone as of 2020 (a 278% rise). Saudi Arabia and the UAE have had booming economies over these years, while Turkey has seen increased migration primarily from Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elsewhere, the Muslim migrant population has declined. The number of Muslim migrants living in Pakistan dropped from 4.1 million in 1990 to 2.1 million in 2020 (a 50% drop), partly reflecting the return of Afghan migrants to their home country. During the same three decades, Iran\u2019s population of foreign-born Muslims declined from 4.3 million to 2.8 million (down 35%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of all origin countries, Syria accounted for the biggest surge in Muslim migrants by far, from 570,000 in 1990 to 8.1 million in 2020, a rise of about 1,300%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">India and Pakistan also have seen sharp increases, as more and more Muslim migrants have left South Asia for work in the Persian Gulf. The worldwide stock of Muslim migrants from India grew from 2.1 million to 6 million (up 192%), while the number from Pakistan rose from 1.8 million to 5.3 million (up 202%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The largest decrease by origin came from Afghanistan, which was the birth country of 7.4 million Muslim migrants living elsewhere in 1990, compared with 5.5 million in 2020 (down 26%). This difference reflects <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unrefugees.org\/news\/afghanistan-refugee-crisis-explained\/\">return migration to Afghanistan<\/a> as well as the gradual death of a generation of Afghans who left their country during the Soviet occupation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Refer to our \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/geographic-spotlights-a-closer-look-at-4-migration-stories\">Geographic spotlights<\/a>\u201d section for an in-depth analysis of migration in the GCC countries.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Muslims account for 29% of global migrants and most commonly live in the Middle-East North Africa and Asia-Pacific regions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":675,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[],"multiSectionReport":[],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"bylines":[],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[384,27,412,406,405],"tags":[],"bylines":[871,680],"collection":[],"datasets":[2397],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[507,516,514,513,510,505,512,511,515],"research-teams":[517],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-184342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-immigrant-populations","category-immigration-migration","category-pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project","category-religious-characteristics-of-demographic-groups","category-size-demographic-characteristics-of-religious-groups","bylines-stephanie-kramer","bylines-yunping-tong","datasets-dataset-religious-composition-of-the-worlds-migrants-1990-2020","formats-report","regions-countries-asia-pacific","regions-countries-europe-russia","regions-countries-international","regions-countries-latin-america","regions-countries-middle-east-north-africa","regions-countries-multiple-regions-worldwide","regions-countries-north-america","regions-countries-sub-saharan-africa","regions-countries-united-states","research-teams-religion"],"label":false,"post_parent":184303,"word_count":1295,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/muslim-migrants-around-the-world\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":184307,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religoius-composition-migrants_featured.jpg","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/08\/PR_2024.08.19_religoius-composition-migrants_featured.jpg?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"(Mirsad 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Migrants living in each region","slug":"migrants-living-in-each-region","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/migrants-living-in-each-region\/","is_active":false},{"id":184326,"title":"2. Global migration change, 1990-2020","slug":"global-migration-change-1990-2020","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/global-migration-change-1990-2020\/","is_active":false},{"id":184333,"title":"3. Christian migrants around the world","slug":"christian-migrants-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/christian-migrants-around-the-world\/","is_active":false},{"id":184342,"title":"4. Muslim migrants around the world","slug":"muslim-migrants-around-the-world","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2024\/08\/19\/muslim-migrants-around-the-world\/","is_active":true},{"id":184348,"title":"5. 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