{"id":178824,"date":"2024-06-20T09:55:47","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T13:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?p=178824"},"modified":"2025-08-08T12:43:24","modified_gmt":"2025-08-08T16:43:24","slug":"how-israeli-society-has-unified-and-divided-in-wartime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/06\/20\/how-israeli-society-has-unified-and-divided-in-wartime\/","title":{"rendered":"How Israeli Society Has Unified, and Divided, in Wartime"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"4d4334\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #4d4334;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-178854 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png 1280w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=720,405 720w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=200,113 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=260,146 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=310,174 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=420,236 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=640,360 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=740,416 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=160,90 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=320,180 320w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=540,304 540w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=564,317 564w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=1128,634 1128w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=690,388 690w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=268,151 268w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=536,302 536w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=194,110 194w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=148,84 148w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?resize=296,168 296w\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Protestors hold signs at a demonstration against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his government on June 15, 2024, in Tel Aviv, Israel. (Alexi Rosenfeld\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This Pew Research Center analysis covers Israeli attitudes toward the country\u2019s leaders, the current and future state of Israeli society, and the influence of various national institutions and groups, all in the context of the Israel-Hamas war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The data is from a survey of 1,001 Israeli adults conducted face-to-face from March 3 to April 4, 2024. Interviews were conducted in Hebrew and Arabic, and the survey is representative of the adult population ages 18 and older, excluding those in East Jerusalem and non-sanctioned outposts. (The survey also did not cover the West Bank or Gaza.) The survey included an oversample of Arabs in Israel. It was subsequently weighted to be representative of the Israeli adult population with the following variables: gender by ethnicity, age by ethnicity, education, region, urbanicity and probability of selection of respondent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prior to 2024, combined totals were based on rounded topline figures. For all reports beginning in 2024, totals are based on unrounded topline figures, so combined totals might be different than in previous years. Refer to the 2024 topline to see our new rounding procedures applied to past years\u2019 data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_topline.pdf\">questions used<\/a> for this report, along with responses, and the survey <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/feature\/international-methodology\/all-survey\/israel\/2024\/\">methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=178869\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e3e5d7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e3e5d7;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"512\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Some Israelis see very strong conflicts in their society, but fewer say this than a year ago\" class=\"wp-image-178869 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=246,300 246w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=768,936 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=332,405 332w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=200,244 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=260,317 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=310,378 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=420,512 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=640,780 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=740,902 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=160,195 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_01.png?resize=320,390 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As the Israel-Hamas war rages on, the shares of Israelis who see deep conflicts <em>within<\/em> their society have lessened over the past year:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>28% say there are very strong conflicts between Israeli Arabs and Israeli Jews, down from 46% in 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>18% say there are very strong conflicts between people who are religious and people who are not, down from 29%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>24% see very strong conflicts between those on the political left and right, down from 32% last year. <em>(Read more about conflicts in Israeli society in<\/em>&nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/06\/20\/how-israelis-view-their-government-institutions-and-leaders\/\">Chapter 1<\/a>.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-callout has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"research-in-the-west-bank-and-gaza\">Research in the West Bank and Gaza<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center has polled the Palestinian territories in previous years, but in our 2024 survey, we were unable to survey in Gaza or the West Bank due to security concerns. We are actively investigating possible ways to conduct both qualitative and quantitative research on public opinion in the region and will provide more data as soon as we are able.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-310-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=178873\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f2f2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f2f2;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" height=\"850\" width=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?w=310\" alt=\"A line chart showing that Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs have been growing apart on key issues \" class=\"wp-image-178873 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png 620w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?resize=109,300 109w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?resize=373,1024 373w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?resize=560,1536 560w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?resize=148,405 148w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?resize=200,548 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?resize=260,713 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?resize=310,850 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?resize=420,1152 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?resize=117,320 117w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_02.png?resize=233,640 233w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, <strong>Israeli public opinion has become more polarized in other ways.<\/strong> For example, Arab Israelis and Jewish Israelis have increasingly diverging views on key institutions \u2013 such as the military \u2013 and on policy issues:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jewish Israelis trust the national government to do what is right for Israel <em>more<\/em> than they did in 2017 (61%, up from 53%). Arab Israelis trust it less (23%, down from 44%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>93% of Jewish Israelis think the military has a positive influence on the way things are going in Israel, while just 34% of Arab Israelis agree. This gap has grown significantly since we last asked the question in 2007, when 77% of Israeli Jews and 57% of Israeli Arabs said the military\u2019s influence was positive. <em>(Read more about confidence in the government and institutions in <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/06\/20\/societal-conflicts-and-optimism-about-peaceful-coexistence\/\"><em>Chapter 2<\/em><\/a><em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Israelis as a whole are still divided over whether the building of Jewish settlements in the West Bank helps (40%) or hurts (35%) Israel\u2019s security. But Jewish Israelis have grown more likely to see the settlements as <em>helping<\/em> security, widening the ethnic gap on this question. <em>(Read more about views of settlements in <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/06\/20\/settlements-and-violence-in-the-west-bank-and-east-jerusalem\/\"><em>Chapter 3<\/em><\/a><em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fewer Israelis think a way can be found for Israel and an independent Palestinian state to coexist peacefully than said the same last year (26%, down from 35%). Most of the decline comes from shifting opinions among Jewish Israelis. <em>(Read more about views of a two-state solution in our <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/05\/30\/assessing-the-future-in-light-of-the-war\/\"><em>previous report<\/em><\/a><em>.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Views among those on the ideological left and right have also diverged on some of these key issues since we last asked about them. For example, 19% of those who place themselves on the left trust the national government, compared with 75% of those on the right \u2013 a difference of 56 percentage points. In 2017, the difference was 43 points (26% on the left trusted the government, compared with 69% of those on the right).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=178872\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e1e4e1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e1e4e1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"380\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Israelis express a mix of optimism and pessimism about the future \" class=\"wp-image-178872 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=300,271 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=768,695 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=448,405 448w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=200,181 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=260,235 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=310,280 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=420,380 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=640,579 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=740,670 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=160,145 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_03.png?resize=320,290 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Against this backdrop, <strong>Israelis are more pessimistic (50%) than optimistic (35%) about the way their political system works.<\/strong> And, whereas Arabs and Jews were about equally pessimistic about the political system in 2019, Arabs have become <em>more<\/em> pessimistic (69%, up from 57%) while Jews have become <em>less<\/em> so (44%, down from 55%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Israelis are also divided on the prospect of Arab and Jewish Israelis living together peacefully,<\/strong> with equal shares saying they are optimistic (37%) and pessimistic (37%) about this. About a quarter (23%) said they are both, neither or that it depends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, Israelis are more optimistic than pessimistic about the country\u2019s national security and the ability of religious and secular Jews to live together peacefully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Related: <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/05\/30\/israeli-views-of-the-israel-hamas-war\/\"><em>Israeli Views of the Israel-Hamas War<\/em><\/a><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are among the key findings of a survey of 1,001 Israelis, conducted via face-to-face interviews from March 3 to April 4, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"views-of-political-leaders\">Views of political leaders<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=178994\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f4f4f3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f4f4f3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"490\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?w=420\" alt=\"A dot plot showing that Israeli Jews and Arabs diverge in their views of political leaders\" class=\"wp-image-178994 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=257,300 257w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=768,896 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=347,405 347w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=200,233 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=260,303 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=310,362 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=420,490 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=640,747 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=740,863 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=160,187 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_04a_1a8915.png?resize=320,373 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In March and early April, attitudes toward Israel\u2019s political leadership were largely negative. (The survey took place before war cabinet member <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/06\/09\/g-s1-3634\/benny-gantz-israeli-war-cabinet-steps-down\">Benny Gantz resigned from the government<\/a> and before Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/netanyahu-disbands-his-inner-war-cabinet-israeli-official-says-2024-06-17\/\">disbanded the emergency war cabinet<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>At the time of the survey, just one of the seven officials we asked about \u2013 Defense Minister <a href=\"https:\/\/english.mod.gov.il\/Minister_of_Defense\/Pages\/Minister-of-Defense.aspx\">Yoav Gallant<\/a> \u2013 received favorable ratings from a clear majority of Israelis.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jewish and Arab Israelis had very different views of the six other Israeli politicians we asked about. The largest gaps were in evaluations of Gallant<a href=\"https:\/\/english.mod.gov.il\/Minister_of_Defense\/Pages\/Minister-of-Defense.aspx\"><\/a> (Jews were 65 percentage points more favorable than Arabs); Mansour Abbas, the leader of the United Arab List, which is better known in Israel as Ra\u2019am (-56); and Netanyahu (+44). Only Israeli opposition leader <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/04\/27\/magazine\/yair-lapid-interview.html\">Yair Lapid<\/a> was seen about equally favorably by Jews and Arabs (37% vs. 41%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ideological divides between the right and left were also large \u2013 particularly when it came to Netanyahu (those on the right were 61 points more favorable than those on the left), Ben-Gvir (+54) and Smotrich (+54).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Read more about views of Israeli leaders in <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/06\/20\/how-israelis-view-their-government-institutions-and-leaders\/\"><em>Chapter 1<\/em><\/a><em>, and explore views of Palestinian leaders in our <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/05\/30\/assessing-the-future-in-light-of-the-war\/#views-of-palestinian-leaders\"><em>previous report<\/em><\/a><em>.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"violence-in-the-west-bank-and-east-jerusalem\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Violence in the West Bank and East Jerusalem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?attachment_id=178870\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e4e5d6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e4e5d6;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"540\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?w=420\" alt=\"A bar chart showing that Israelis are concerned about increasing violence in the West Bank and East Jerusalem in light of the war\" class=\"wp-image-178870 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=233,300 233w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=768,987 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=796,1024 796w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=315,405 315w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=200,257 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=260,334 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=310,399 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=420,540 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=640,823 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=740,951 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=160,206 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_0_05.png?resize=320,411 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Around two-thirds of Israelis say they are extremely or very concerned about violence against Jews in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Around a third are similarly concerned about violence against Palestinians. But concerns differ dramatically by ethnicity:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jewish Israelis (70%) are more concerned than Arab Israelis (43%) about rising violence against Jews in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arab Israelis (73%) are much more concerned than Jewish Israelis (19%) about violence against Palestinians in East Jerusalem and the West Bank.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are also ideological differences, with left-leaning Israelis expressing much more concern than right-leaning Israelis about violence against Palestinians and much less concern about violence against Jews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-callout has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"jewish-religious-groups-in-israel-haredim-datiim-masortim-and-hilonim\">Jewish religious groups in Israel: Haredim, Datiim, Masortim and Hilonim<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nearly all Israeli Jews identify as Haredi (commonly translated as \u201cultra-Orthodox\u201d), Dati (\u201creligious\u201d), Masorti (\u201ctraditional\u201d) or Hiloni (\u201csecular\u201d). The spectrum of religious observance in Israel \u2013 on which Haredim are generally the most religious and Hilonim the least \u2013 does not always line up perfectly with Israel\u2019s political spectrum. On some issues, including those pertaining to religion in public life, there is a clear overlap: Haredim are furthest to the right, and Hilonim are furthest to the left, with Datiim and Masortim in between. But on other political issues, including those related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and views of the United States, differences between religious groups do not always mirror those between people at different points on the ideological spectrum. Because of sample size considerations, we combine Haredim and Datiim for analysis in this report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information on the different views of these religious groups, read the Center\u2019s 2016 deep dive on the topic, <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2016\/03\/08\/israels-religiously-divided-society\/\">\u201cIsrael\u2019s Religiously Divided Society.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>CORRECTION (August 8, 2024): This report, including graphics, has been updated to reflect that a survey question asked about violence against <strong>Palestinians<\/strong> in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, not violence against Arabs (as was previously reported). Also, a question about the ability of religious and secular people to live together peacefully asked about religious and secular <strong>Jews<\/strong>, not Israelis.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The shares of Israelis who see very strong conflicts in their society have shrunk, but public opinion has grown more polarized in other ways.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":648,"featured_media":178854,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sub_headline":"Israelis are more pessimistic than optimistic about the future of their political system","sub_title":"","_crdt_document":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"bylines":[{"key":"_ck2mvhdyh","termId":954},{"key":"_5s9x8a2vk","termId":555}],"acknowledgements":[],"displayBylines":true,"relatedPosts":[],"reportMaterials":[{"key":"_s3cj4tpiw","type":"report","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_report.pdf","label":"Report PDF","attachmentId":178856},{"key":"_kq2ps401k","type":"topline","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_topline.pdf","label":"Topline","attachmentId":178855}],"multiSectionReport":[{"key":"_6985gdlhf","postId":178834},{"key":"_wg1skyboo","postId":178839},{"key":"_3buhsd7ke","postId":178843},{"key":"_l8i8fk51w","postId":178847},{"key":"_k4iobq33b","postId":178851}],"package_parts__enabled":false,"package_parts":[],"_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"spoken_article_player_enabled":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[82,428,115],"tags":[],"bylines":[954,555],"collection":[],"datasets":[2789],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[458],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[497],"research-teams":[525],"class_list":["post-178824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-us-governments","category-war-international-conflict-2","category-world-leaders","bylines-laura-silver","bylines-maria-smerkovich","datasets-spring-2024-survey-data","formats-report","regions-countries-israel","research-teams-global"],"label":false,"post_parent":0,"word_count":1332,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/06\/20\/how-israeli-society-has-unified-and-divided-in-wartime\/","art_direction":{"A1":{"id":178854,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/06\/pg_2024.06.20_israel-june-24_feature.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"caption":"Protestors hold signs at a demonstration against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his government on June 15, 2024, in Tel Aviv, Israel. 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How Israelis view their government, institutions and leaders","slug":"how-israelis-view-their-government-institutions-and-leaders","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/06\/20\/how-israelis-view-their-government-institutions-and-leaders\/","is_active":false},{"id":178839,"title":"2. Societal conflicts and optimism about peaceful coexistence","slug":"societal-conflicts-and-optimism-about-peaceful-coexistence","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/global\/2024\/06\/20\/societal-conflicts-and-optimism-about-peaceful-coexistence\/","is_active":false},{"id":178843,"title":"3. 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