{"id":104300,"date":"2023-05-16T13:55:44","date_gmt":"2023-05-16T18:55:44","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-05-06T17:12:41","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T21:12:41","slug":"americans-largely-positive-views-of-childhood-vaccines-hold-steady","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/americans-largely-positive-views-of-childhood-vaccines-hold-steady\/","title":{"rendered":"Americans\u2019 Largely Positive Views of Childhood Vaccines Hold Steady"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"858187\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #858187;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" height=\"360\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2023\/05\/PS_23.05.16_vaccine_featured.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-121601 not-transparent\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(Justin Sullivan\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"border-width:1px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);--block-gap: inherit\" class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color\" id=\"how-we-did-this\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/collapsible&quot;}\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;collapsibleId&quot;:&quot;how-we-did-this&quot;,&quot;isOpen&quot;:false}\" data-wp-class--is-open=\"context.isOpen\" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view=\"callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView\"><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.onClick\"><div>How we did this<\/div><button class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon\"><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.isOpen\"><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-plus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><span data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.isOpen\" hidden><i class=\"icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus\"><svg style=\"width: 1em; height: 1em;\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/plugins\/prc-icon-library\/build\/icons\/sprites\/light.svg#circle-minus\"><\/use><\/svg><\/i><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew Research Center conducted this study to understand Americans\u2019 views of vaccines. For this analysis, we surveyed 10,701 U.S. adults from March 13-19, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everyone who took part in the survey is a member of the Center\u2019s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way, nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/u-s-survey-research\/american-trends-panel\/\">ATP\u2019s methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_TOPLINE.pdf\">questions used<\/a> for this report, along with responses, and <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/mmr-covid-vaccines-methodology\/\">its methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Center also completed in-depth interviews with 22 U.S. adults who hold some level of concern about vaccines. These interviews were conducted in person for 30 minutes by Public Opinion Strategies in March and early April across four locations (Cincinnati, Ohio; Phoenix, Arizona; Seattle, Washington; and Jacksonville, Florida).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here is the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/16\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_GUIDE.pdf\">interviewer guide<\/a> used for the in-depth interviews, and more on <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/mmr-covid-vaccines-methodology\/#in-depth-interviews\">its methodology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Americans remain steadfast in their belief in the overall value of childhood vaccines, with no change over the last four years in the large majority who say the benefits of childhood vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) outweigh the risks, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, the survey finds that alongside broad support for childhood vaccines there are signs of some concern \u2013 especially among those closest to the decision-making process of vaccinating children. Parents see the risks of MMR vaccines as a bit higher than other Americans, and about half of those with a young child ages 0 to 4 say the statement \u201cI worry that not all of the childhood vaccines are necessary\u201d describes their views at least somewhat well. Concerns tend to be higher among mothers than fathers: Roughly half of mothers with a child under 18 rate the risk of side effects from MMR vaccines as medium or high \u2013 15 percentage points higher than the share of fathers who say this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The polarized response to the handling of the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/topic\/coronavirus-disease-covid-19\/\">coronavirus outbreak<\/a> in the United States, including the role of COVID-19 vaccines, has been a source of deep concern for medical and public health communities. It has also raised questions about whether vaccine hesitancy connected with COVID-19 vaccines would spill into Americans\u2019 views of other vaccines. Heightened concerns follow reports of federal data that show another <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/health-immunizations-children-measles-acba3eb975fdfcd41732ed87511387f2\">downtick in the share of U.S. kindergartners receiving state-required vaccines<\/a> in the 2021-2022 school year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey findings highlight the sizable gap between higher public confidence in childhood vaccines and lower ratings of COVID-19 vaccines. Fewer than half of U.S. adults consider the preventative health benefits of coronavirus vaccines to be high and a majority see the risk of side effects from them to be at least medium. COVID-19 vaccines were widely hailed as advances that showcased the power of scientific discovery. Yet a majority of Americans still say the statement \u201cwe don\u2019t really know if there are serious health risks from the COVID-19 vaccines\u201d describes their views at least somewhat well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the U.S. national emergency in response to the COVID-19 pandemic now at an end, Americans have sorted themselves into three groups based on their vaccination decisions. Roughly a third of U.S. adults (34%) are enthusiastic about the vaccines and up-to-date, being fully vaccinated and having gotten a recent booster shot. A similar share of the public (33%) comprises an ambivalent group that is fully vaccinated, but not recently boosted, with many who have questions about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. And then there are the 21% of U.S. adults who have said no to the vaccines altogether, a group that harbors deep doubts about the vaccines as well as societal efforts to encourage \u2013 or require \u2013 them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These three groups encapsulate the range of Americans\u2019 responses to coronavirus vaccines. They also provide a way to understand views about vaccines generally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Pew Research Center survey of 10,701 U.S. adults was conducted March 13-19, 2023, to explore public views of vaccines. To better understand vaccine hesitancy, the report also includes excerpts from 22 in-depth, qualitative interviews conducted with adults who hold some level of concern about vaccines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey findings underscore the importance of trust in information about vaccines from a doctor or other health care provider. The survey finds that most adults have a lot (45%) or some (43%) confidence in their own health care provider to give an accurate picture of the health benefits and risks of childhood vaccines. And those with the highest level of trust in their provider also express the most confidence in the benefits of MMR vaccines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trust, or the lack of trust, also shapes views for the subset of Americans who have doubts about childhood vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One participant in the qualitative interviews who holds concerns about vaccines expressed the following sentiment in thinking about advice from doctors about MMR vaccines:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cI again, think it&#8217;s important to interview your doctors as well as you would interview a child care provider, so that you have that trust factor with that person. Because doctors are human, and they do have their personal opinions. And if they&#8217;re going to push their personal opinion as their professional opinion, that&#8217;s not necessarily fair to you as a patient.\u201d \u2014 Woman, age 35-44, Phoenix, Arizona<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One interviewee with concerns about COVID-19 vaccines shared the following view about trust in health care providers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c[Doctors are] not very credible because, again, that&#8217;s the personal opinion of the doctor. So if this doctor believes in it and this doctor doesn&#8217;t, and you go see this doctor and I go see this one, then we&#8217;ve got two different information. Everybody has, like I said, their formed opinions.\u201d \u2014 Woman, age 25-34, Phoenix, Arizona<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"large-majority-of-americans-continue-to-say-benefits-of-mmr-vaccines-outweigh-risks\">Large majority of Americans continue to say benefits of MMR vaccines outweigh risks<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/americans-largely-positive-views-of-childhood-vaccines-hold-steady\/ps_2023-05-16_vaccines_00-01-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-121586\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dee3e1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dee3e1;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"500\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows large majority of Americans continue to see the benefits of MMR vaccines for children\" class=\"wp-image-121586 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=252,300 252w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=768,914 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=340,405 340w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=200,238 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=260,310 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=310,369 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=420,500 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=640,762 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=740,881 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=160,190 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-01.png?resize=320,381 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Center survey finds 88% of Americans say the benefits of childhood vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) outweigh the risks, compared with just 10% who say the risks outweigh the benefits. The share expressing confidence in the value of MMR vaccines is identical to the share who said this in 2019, before the coronavirus outbreak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asked to independently assess the health benefits and side effects risk of MMR vaccines for children, majorities of U.S. adults say the preventative health benefits of MMR vaccines are either very high or high (72%) and that the risk of side effects is either very low or low (64%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are signs that the coronavirus outbreak has influenced the public\u2019s thinking on one important aspect of childhood vaccines: requirements for children to attend public schools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/americans-largely-positive-views-of-childhood-vaccines-hold-steady\/ps_2023-05-16_vaccines_00-02-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-121588\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e2dee0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e2dee0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"443\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows decline in share of Republicans who support vaccine requirement for children to attend public schools\" class=\"wp-image-121588 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=284,300 284w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=768,810 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=384,405 384w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=200,211 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=260,274 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=310,327 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=420,443 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=640,675 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=740,781 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=160,169 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-02.png?resize=320,338 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seven-in-ten Americans now say healthy children should be required to be vaccinated in order to attend public schools. This is a smaller majority than the 82% who supported vaccine requirements for children in 2019 and 2016. The share who say parents should be able to decide not to vaccinate their children now stands at 28%, up 12 points from four years ago. This data mirrors a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/coronavirus-covid-19\/poll-finding\/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-december-2022\/\">December 2022 KFF update of these Pew Research Center trends<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The decline in support for vaccine requirements for children has been driven by changing views among Republicans: 57% now support requiring children to be vaccinated to attend public schools, down from 79% in 2019. By contrast, there\u2019s been no meaningful change in the large share of Democrats (85%) who support school-based vaccine requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These dynamics echo patterns seen over the past three years regarding coronavirus-related activity restrictions and COVID-19 vaccine requirements. Partisans have often been at odds over policy questions in these areas, with Republicans much more likely than Democrats to oppose activity restrictions and vaccine requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">White evangelical Protestants \u2013 a largely Republican group \u2014 have also become much less supportive of vaccine requirements in public schools. In the current survey, 58% say children should be required to be vaccinated to attend public schools, while 40% say parents should be able to decide not to vaccinate their children, even if that may create health risks for others. This represents a sizable shift from 2019, when White evangelicals backed vaccine requirements for public school children by a margin of 77% to 2o%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fewer-than-half-of-americans-rate-covid-19-vaccines-health-benefits-as-high-majority-see-risk-of-side-effects-as-at-least-medium\">Fewer than half of Americans rate COVID-19 vaccines\u2019 health benefits as high, majority see risk of side effects as at least medium<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/americans-largely-positive-views-of-childhood-vaccines-hold-steady\/ps_2023-05-16_vaccines_00-03-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-121590\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dfe3e0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dfe3e0;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"476\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows Americans much more skeptical of COVID-19 vaccines than childhood vaccines for MMR\" class=\"wp-image-121590 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=265,300 265w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=768,870 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=357,405 357w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=200,227 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=260,295 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=310,351 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=420,476 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=640,725 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=740,839 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=160,181 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-03.png?resize=320,363 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the principal findings from the survey is the greater concern with which Americans view COVID-19 vaccines compared with childhood vaccines for MMR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On balance, more Americans say the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh the risks (62% to 36%). But this rating falls far short of the 88% who say the same about childhood vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large differences in views extend to assessments of the respective health benefits and side effects risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fewer than half of U.S. adults believe the preventative health benefits of COVID-19 vaccines are high (45%). About seven-in-ten say this about childhood MMR vaccines (72%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Americans also see a greater risk of side effects attached to COVID-19 vaccines: A majority (58%) describe the risk from coronavirus vaccines as medium or high. By comparison, 64% describe the side effects risk from MMR vaccines as low. By comparison, 64% of U.S. adults describe the side effects risk from MMR vaccines as low, while 35% say they are medium (23%) or high (13%). (The medium and high risk categories for MMR vaccines do not sum to the 35% NET medium\/high figure due to rounding.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-covid-19-vaccination-status-relates-to-enduring-sources-of-vaccine-hesitancy-and-the-distinctions-people-make-across-vaccines\">How COVID-19 vaccination status relates to enduring sources of vaccine hesitancy and the distinctions people make across vaccines<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/americans-largely-positive-views-of-childhood-vaccines-hold-steady\/ps_2023-05-16_vaccines_00-04-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-121593\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e9ebec\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e9ebec;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"603\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows 74% of U.S. adults who did not get a COVID-19 vaccine see overall benefits of childhood vaccines for MMR\" class=\"wp-image-121593 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=209,300 209w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=768,1103 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=713,1024 713w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=282,405 282w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=200,287 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=260,373 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=310,445 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=420,603 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=640,919 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=740,1062 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=160,230 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-04.png?resize=320,459 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The survey finds that Americans make important distinctions across vaccines. In fact, among adults who have <em>not<\/em> received a COVID-19 vaccine, a clear majority (74%) believe that the benefits of childhood vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella outweigh the risks. And among parents who are <em>not<\/em> vaccinated against COVID-19, 70% say their own child <em>has<\/em> received the MMR vaccine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, there is a meaningful link between COVID-19 vaccination status and MMR vaccine views. Positive evaluations of MMR vaccines are significantly higher among fully vaccinated adults than among those not vaccinated for COVID-19. Parents who have been vaccinated for COVID-19 are also more likely to report that their child has received the MMR vaccines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those who are <em>not<\/em> vaccinated for COVID-19 are among those most likely to express concern about childhood vaccines generally, even if they ultimately side with the view that MMR vaccines are worth the risks. For instance, 68% of adults who did not receive a COVID-19 vaccine say the statement \u201cI worry that not all of the childhood vaccines are necessary\u201d describes their own views very or somewhat well. Much smaller shares of fully vaccinated and recently boosted adults (25%) and those who are fully vaccinated but not recently boosted within the last six months (36%) say the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/americans-largely-positive-views-of-childhood-vaccines-hold-steady\/ps_2023-05-16_vaccines_00-05-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-121595\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0e5e3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0e5e3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"662\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows Americans holding each COVID-19 vaccination status have a distinct profile by age, education and party\" class=\"wp-image-121595 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=190,300 190w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=768,1211 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=650,1024 650w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=257,405 257w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=200,315 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=260,410 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=310,489 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=420,662 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=640,1009 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=740,1166 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=160,252 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-05.png?resize=320,504 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The COVID-19 vaccine decision has sorted Americans by age, educational attainment and partisan affiliation. Older Americans, those with higher levels of education and Democrats are all <a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/what-americans-think-about-covid-19-vaccines\/#thirty-four-of-u-s-adults-say-they-have-had-a-recent-booster-shot-about-as-many-say-they-are-fully-vaccinated-but-have-had-no-recent-booster\">more likely to have gotten vaccinated against COVID-19 than other adults<\/a>. As a result, the profile of Americans who have not gotten a vaccine \u2013 the group which holds the strongest concerns about the vaccines \u2013 is quite distinct from those who have pursued the highest level of protection against the coronavirus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those who are not vaccinated against COVID-19 are more likely to be women than men: More than half (57%) are women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those who did not get a COVID-19 vaccine stand out for the relatively small share (16%) who have a four-year college degree; 83% have some college or less education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, those not vaccinated for COVID-19 are more likely to be Republican than Democratic. Seven-in-ten adults who are not vaccinated identify as Republican or lean toward the Republican Party, while two-in-ten identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party (the remainder do not lean to either party or did not offer a response).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, Americans who are fully vaccinated and recently boosted against COVID-19 are much more likely to identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party (68%) than the GOP (27%). And 45% of this group has at least a four-year college degree, while 55% have some college or less education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, those fully vaccinated with a recent booster overrepresent older Americans. For instance, adults ages 65 and older \u2013 a group that\u2019s among those most vulnerable to severe coronavirus infections \u2013 make up 34% of all fully vaccinated and boosted adults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those in the middle \u2013 fully vaccinated with no recent booster \u2013 are varied with a demographic profile that more closely mirrors that of the general population when it comes to gender, age, education and political identification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/americans-largely-positive-views-of-childhood-vaccines-hold-steady\/ps_2023-05-16_vaccines_00-06-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-121596\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ebeded\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ebeded;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"574\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows Americans have sorted into three distinct groups in their COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and behaviors\" class=\"wp-image-121596 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=220,300 220w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=768,1050 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=749,1024 749w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=296,405 296w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=200,273 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=260,355 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=310,424 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=420,574 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=640,875 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=740,1011 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=160,219 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-06.png?resize=320,437 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Behavioral COVID-19 vaccine decisions are strongly tied to attitudinal assessments of the coronavirus vaccines, as expected. The magnitude of the opinion gaps between the three behavioral groups underscores the deep societal divides around COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those who are fully vaccinated but not recently boosted represent an ambivalent slice of the public. Fewer than half (43%) believe that the preventative health benefits of COVID-19 vaccines are high and 58% see at least a medium risk of side effects. But a majority (69%) ultimately conclude that the benefits of coronavirus vaccines outweigh the risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adults who are not vaccinated are deeply skeptical that COVID-19 vaccines offer health benefits, and a large majority believe these vaccines come with a medium or high side effects risk. There\u2019s also considerable frustration about some steps the country has taken to address the outbreak: 67% of this group says their views are described <em>very well<\/em> by the statement \u201cit makes me angry when vaccination for COVID-19 is required.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fully vaccinated and recently boosted adults take the most positive view of COVID-19 vaccines. A large majority (92%) of this group say the benefits outweigh the risks and 74% describe the health benefits as high. Still, views aren\u2019t entirely uniform among this group: For instance, 33% say there is a medium or high risk of side effects attached to COVID-19 vaccines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-420-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/science\/2023\/05\/16\/americans-largely-positive-views-of-childhood-vaccines-hold-steady\/ps_2023-05-16_vaccines_00-07-png\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-121599\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0e4e3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0e4e3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" height=\"335\" width=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?w=420\" alt=\"Chart shows COVID-19 vaccination status and flu shot practices are strongly connected\" class=\"wp-image-121599 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png 840w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=300,239 300w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=768,613 768w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=508,405 508w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=200,160 200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=260,207 260w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=310,247 310w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=420,335 420w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=640,510 640w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=740,590 740w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=160,128 160w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/05\/PS_2023.05.16_vaccines_00-07.png?resize=320,255 320w\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"flu-shots\">Americans\u2019 choices around COVID-19 vaccines are closely tied with their behavioral habits around getting an annual flu shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three-quarters of those who are fully vaccinated and have had a COVID-19 booster shot in the past six months report that they typically get a flu shot every year. By contrast, 77% of those who have not been vaccinated against COVID-19 say they rarely or never get a flu vaccine. As with attitudes about the COVID-19 vaccine itself, people who are fully vaccinated with no recent COVID-19 booster fall in the middle: 44% of this group says they get a flu shot annually while 18% say they do so every few years and 37% say they rarely or never get a flu shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The share of U.S adults who say they typically get a flu shot every year (48%) is about the same as it was in 2020 (47%). However, the gap between the shares of Democrats and Republicans who say they get an annual flu shot is wider today (56% to 41%, respectively) than it was in 2020 (50% to 44%).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About nine-in-ten (88%) Americans say, overall, the benefits of childhood vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella outweigh the risks, identical to the share who said this before the coronavirus outbreak. U.S. adults are less confident in COVID-19 vaccines: Fewer than half rate them as having high health benefits and a low risk of side effects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":581,"featured_media":140242,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","sub_headline":"Fewer than half in U.S. rate COVID-19 vaccines as having high health benefits, low risk of side 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