{"id":7332,"date":"2024-07-08T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-08T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-18T12:17:58","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T16:17:58","slug":"national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors","status":"publish","type":"fact-sheet","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/fact-sheet\/national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors\/","title":{"rendered":"National Public Opinion Reference Survey (NPORS)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NPORS is an annual survey of U.S. adults conducted by Pew Research Center. Respondents may answer by paper, online or over the phone. They are selected using address-based sampling from the U.S. Postal Service\u2019s Computerized Delivery Sequence File. Respondents are not required to join a survey panel. Pew Research Center uses NPORS to produce benchmark estimates for several topics, such as Americans\u2019 political and religious affiliations. Read a detailed description of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/2024-NPORS-Methodology-Statement.pdf\">how the survey is&nbsp;conducted<\/a>, as well as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/2021\/05\/03\/how-pew-research-center-uses-its-national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors\/\">more information<\/a>&nbsp;about how the Center uses NPORS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-callout has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f1\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NPORS estimates, which are based on paper, online and telephone survey responses, may differ somewhat from historical Pew Research Center polling data. There are several&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/short-reads\/2019\/02\/27\/what-our-transition-to-online-polling-means-for-decades-of-phone-survey-trends\/\">reasons&nbsp;why differences may arise<\/a>. The Center has released analyses of how survey mode can influence estimates of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/decoded\/2019\/12\/17\/trends-are-a-cornerstone-of-public-opinion-research-how-do-we-continue-to-track-changes-in-public-opinion-when-theres-a-shift-in-survey-mode\/\">political&nbsp;opinions<\/a> and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2021\/01\/14\/measuring-religion-in-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel\/\">religious&nbsp;attitudes and behaviors<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"cacaca\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"100\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/political_party-2.png?resize=240,100 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/04\/political_party-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7423 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #cacaca; width:120px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;political-party-affiliation&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"political-party-affiliation\">Political party affiliation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The latest NPORS estimates are shown below. The Center also provides in-depth analysis of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/politics\/2024\/04\/09\/changing-partisan-coalitions-in-a-politically-divided-nation\/\">trends&nbsp;in political party affiliation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e2d9d9\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_politicalID640px.png?resize=480,182 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_politicalID640px.png?resize=782,296 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_politicalID640px.png?resize=960,363 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_politicalID640px.png?resize=1200,454 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_politicalID640px.png?resize=1280,484 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"242\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_politicalID640px.png?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-180103 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e2d9d9; object-fit:cover\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d2d2d2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"117\" height=\"100\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/religious_affiliation-2.png?resize=117,100 117w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/04\/religious_affiliation-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7416 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d2d2d2; width:60px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;religious-affiliation&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-prc-block-chapter\" id=\"religious-affiliation\">Religious affiliation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The latest NPORS estimates are shown below. The Center also provides in-depth analysis of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religion\/2025\/02\/26\/decline-of-christianity-in-the-us-has-slowed-may-have-leveled-off\/\">trends<\/a>\u00a0in religious affiliation as well as analysis of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/religious-landscape-study\/\">size\u00a0and\u00a0attitudes<\/a>\u00a0of many religious faiths in the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dbeef4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_religious_affiliation640px.png?resize=480,182 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_religious_affiliation640px.png?resize=782,296 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_religious_affiliation640px.png?resize=960,363 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_religious_affiliation640px.png?resize=1200,454 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_religious_affiliation640px.png?resize=1280,484 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"242\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_religious_affiliation640px.png?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-180105 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dbeef4; width:640px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"bfbfbf\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"116\" height=\"100\"  sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/internet-2.png?resize=116,100 116w\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/04\/internet-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7409 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #bfbfbf; width:60px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;frequency-of-internet-use&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-prc-block-chapter\" id=\"frequency-of-internet-use\">Frequency of internet use<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The latest NPORS estimates are shown below. The Center also provides trend data on&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/fact-sheets\/social-media\/\">social media<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/fact-sheets\/mobile\/\">mobile phone use<\/a> and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/internet\/fact-sheet\/internet-broadband\/\">internet\/broadband<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-640-wide is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e2ebf0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_internet-frequency640px.png?resize=480,182 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_internet-frequency640px.png?resize=782,296 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_internet-frequency640px.png?resize=960,363 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_internet-frequency640px.png?resize=1200,454 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_internet-frequency640px.png?resize=1280,484 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"242\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/PM_2024.07.03_NPORS-update_internet-frequency640px.png?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-180104 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e2ebf0; width:640px;height:undefinedpx\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-is-section=\"true\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;npors-methodology&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;prc-block\\\/table-of-contents&quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-prc-block-chapter\" id=\"npors-methodology\">NPORS Methodology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2024 NPORS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/2024-NPORS-Paper-Questionnaire.pdf\">Questionnaire (paper version)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/2024-NPORS-Online-Questionnaire.pdf\">Questionnaire (online version)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/2024-NPORS-Methodology-Statement.pdf\">Methodology report<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/dataset\/2024-national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors\/\">Download the dataset<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2023 NPORS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/10\/2023-NPORS-Paper-Questionnaire.pdf\">Questionnaire (paper version)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2023\/10\/2023-NPORS-Online-Questionnaire.pdf\">Questionnaire (online version)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/07\/2023-NPORS-Methodology-Statement_06.20.2024_update.pdf\">Methodology report<\/a><br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/dataset\/2023-national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors\/\">Download the dataset<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2022 NPORS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/2022-NPORS-Paper-Questionnaire.pdf\">Questionnaire (paper version)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/2022-NPORS-Online-Questionnaire.pdf\">Questionnaire (online version)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/2022-NPORS-Methodology-Statement.pdf\">Methodology report<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/dataset\/2022-national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors\/\">Download the dataset<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2021 NPORS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/09\/1.-2021-NPORS-Paper-Questionnaire.pdf\">Questionnaire (paper version)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/09\/2.-2021-NPORS-Online-Questionnaire.pdf\">Questionnaire (online version)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/09\/2021-NPORS-Methodology-Statement.pdf\">Methodology report<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/dataset\/2021-national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors\/\">Download the dataset<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2020 NPORS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2020-NPORS-Paper-Questionnaire.pdf\">Questionnaire (paper version)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2020-NPORS-Online-Questionnaire.pdf\">Questionnaire (online version)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2020-NPORS-Methodology-Statement.pdf\">Methodology report<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/dataset\/2020-national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors\/\">Download the dataset<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NPORS is an annual survey of U.S. adults conducted by the Pew Research Center used to to produce benchmark estimates for several topics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":367,"featured_media":7401,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"displayBylines":true,"footnotes":"","prc_watchers":[]},"categories":[450],"bylines":[],"collection":[],"datasets":[],"_post_visibility":[],"formats":[464],"_fund_pool":[],"languages":[],"regions-countries":[],"research-teams":[528],"workflow-status":[],"class_list":["post-7332","fact-sheet","type-fact-sheet","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-online-surveys","formats-fact-sheet","research-teams-methods"],"label":false,"post_parent":0,"word_count":302,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/methods\/fact-sheet\/national-public-opinion-reference-survey-npors\/","art_direction":{"A2":{"id":7401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"XL":{"id":7401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png?w=720&h=405&crop=1","width":720,"height":405,"chartArt":false},"A3":{"id":7401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png?w=194&h=110&crop=1","width":194,"height":110,"chartArt":false},"A4":{"id":7401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png?w=268&h=151&crop=1","width":268,"height":151,"chartArt":false},"A1":{"id":7401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png?w=564&h=317&crop=1","width":564,"height":317,"chartArt":false},"social":{"id":7401,"rawUrl":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png","url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/04\/Social-media-image-2.png?w=1200&h=628&crop=1","width":1200,"height":628,"chartArt":false}},"_embeds":[],"watchers":[],"table_of_contents":[],"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"About 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