{"id":316073,"date":"2026-07-02T13:22:02","date_gmt":"2026-07-02T17:22:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/?post_type=chart&#038;p=316073"},"modified":"2026-07-02T14:00:46","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T18:00:46","slug":"hardest-and-easiest-national-constitutions-to-amend","status":"publish","type":"chart","link":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/hardest-and-easiest-national-constitutions-to-amend\/","title":{"rendered":"Hardest and easiest national constitutions to amend"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-chart-builder\">\t\t<div style=\"max-width:420px\" class=\"wp-chart-builder-wrapper alignnone wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller--freeform wp-block-prc-chart-builder-controller\" id=\"ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86\" data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/controller\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86&quot;,&quot;postId&quot;:316073,&quot;postUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/hardest-and-easiest-national-constitutions-to-amend\\\/&quot;,&quot;chartPostUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/chart\\\/hardest-and-easiest-national-constitutions-to-amend\\\/&quot;,&quot;postPubDate&quot;:&quot;2026-07-02&quot;,&quot;rootUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org&quot;,&quot;featuredImageId&quot;:327004,&quot;featuredImageUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/alpha.pewresearch.org\\\/pewresearch-org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/20\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/hardest_and_easiest_national_constitutions_to_amend-316073-1783015293.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Hardest and easiest national constitutions to amend&quot;,&quot;subtitle&quot;:&quot;Difficulty score based on easiest pathway, as specified in constitution&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Note: When a constitution specifies more than one amendment process, the \\u201cdifficulty of amendment\\u201d scores represent the &lt;em&gt;least difficult&lt;\\\/em&gt; process. Data is based on the 106 countries we classify as democracies and includes some fully self-governing territories whose sovereign status is disputed.&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Source: Pew Research Center analysis using scoring system based on \\u201cToward a Theory of Constitutional Amendment\\u201d by Donald S. Lutz (American Political Science Review, June 1994).&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;PEW RESEARCH CENTER&quot;,&quot;tableData&quot;:{&quot;header&quot;:[&quot;Democracy&quot;,&quot;Difficulty of amendment&quot;],&quot;rows&quot;:[[&quot;Micronesia, Federated States&quot;,&quot;6.00&quot;],[&quot;United States&quot;,&quot;5.10&quot;],[&quot;Switzerland&quot;,&quot;4.75&quot;],[&quot;Australia&quot;,&quot;4.65&quot;],[&quot;Palau&quot;,&quot;4.50&quot;],[&quot;Fiji&quot;,&quot;3.80&quot;],[&quot;Costa Rica&quot;,&quot;3.65&quot;],[&quot;Liberia&quot;,&quot;3.60&quot;],[&quot;Romania&quot;,&quot;3.35&quot;],[&quot;Grenada&quot;,&quot;3.30&quot;],[&quot;Philippines&quot;,&quot;3.30&quot;],[&quot;Marshall Islands&quot;,&quot;3.25&quot;],[&quot;Belgium&quot;,&quot;3.10&quot;],[&quot;Japan&quot;,&quot;3.10&quot;],[&quot;Netherlands&quot;,&quot;3.10&quot;],[&quot;Paraguay&quot;,&quot;3.00&quot;],[&quot;Taiwan*&quot;,&quot;2.90&quot;],[&quot;Brazil&quot;,&quot;0.90&quot;],[&quot;Denmark&quot;,&quot;2.75&quot;],[&quot;Northern Cyprus&quot;,&quot;2.55&quot;],[&quot;South Korea&quot;,&quot;2.55&quot;],[&quot;Ireland&quot;,&quot;2.50&quot;],[&quot;Bolivia&quot;,&quot;2.40&quot;],[&quot;Andorra&quot;,&quot;2.55&quot;],[&quot;Ecuador&quot;,&quot;2.30&quot;],[&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;,&quot;2.30&quot;],[&quot;Colombia&quot;,&quot;2.25&quot;],[&quot;Italy&quot;,&quot;2.25&quot;],[&quot;North Macedonia&quot;,&quot;2.25&quot;],[&quot;Greece&quot;,&quot;2.20&quot;],[&quot;Argentina&quot;,&quot;2.10&quot;],[&quot;Nepal&quot;,&quot;2.10&quot;],[&quot;Lithuania&quot;,&quot;2.00&quot;],[&quot;Montenegro&quot;,&quot;2.00&quot;],[&quot;Peru&quot;,&quot;2.00&quot;],[&quot;Dominican Republic&quot;,&quot;1.80&quot;],[&quot;Chile&quot;,&quot;1.75&quot;],[&quot;Ghana&quot;,&quot;1.75&quot;],[&quot;Luxembourg&quot;,&quot;1.75&quot;],[&quot;Solomon Islands&quot;,&quot;1.75&quot;],[&quot;Uruguay&quot;,&quot;1.75&quot;],[&quot;Poland&quot;,&quot;1.70&quot;],[&quot;Estonia&quot;,&quot;1.65&quot;],[&quot;Germany&quot;,&quot;1.60&quot;],[&quot;India&quot;,&quot;1.60&quot;],[&quot;Namibia&quot;,&quot;1.60&quot;],[&quot;Finland&quot;,&quot;1.55&quot;],[&quot;Croatia&quot;,&quot;1.45&quot;],[&quot;Antigua and Barbuda&quot;,&quot;1.30&quot;],[&quot;Monaco&quot;,&quot;1.30&quot;],[&quot;South Africa&quot;,&quot;1.30&quot;],[&quot;St. Lucia&quot;,&quot;1.30&quot;],[&quot;Czech Republic&quot;,&quot;1.25&quot;],[&quot;Iceland&quot;,&quot;1.25&quot;],[&quot;Jamaica&quot;,&quot;1.25&quot;],[&quot;Spain&quot;,&quot;1.25&quot;],[&quot;Bulgaria&quot;,&quot;2.00&quot;],[&quot;Guyana&quot;,&quot;1.15&quot;],[&quot;Lesotho&quot;,&quot;1.15&quot;],[&quot;Senegal&quot;,&quot;1.15&quot;],[&quot;Albania&quot;,&quot;1.05&quot;],[&quot;Armenia&quot;,&quot;1.05&quot;],[&quot;Kosovo&quot;,&quot;1.55&quot;],[&quot;Moldova&quot;,&quot;1.55&quot;],[&quot;Slovenia&quot;,&quot;1.05&quot;],[&quot;Bahamas&quot;,&quot;1.00&quot;],[&quot;Barbados&quot;,&quot;1.00&quot;],[&quot;Botswana&quot;,&quot;1.00&quot;],[&quot;Malaysia&quot;,&quot;1.00&quot;],[&quot;Tonga&quot;,&quot;1.00&quot;],[&quot;Trinidad and Tobago&quot;,&quot;1.00&quot;],[&quot;Bhutan&quot;,&quot;0.90&quot;],[&quot;France&quot;,&quot;0.90&quot;],[&quot;Mongolia&quot;,&quot;0.90&quot;],[&quot;Panama&quot;,&quot;0.90&quot;],[&quot;Austria&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Belize&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Cape Verde&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Cyprus&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Dominica&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;East Timor&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Hungary&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Kiribati&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Latvia&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Malawi&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Mauritius&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Nauru&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Norway&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Portugal&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Samoa&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Sao Tome and Principe&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Seychelles&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;St. Kitts and Nevis&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;St. Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Suriname&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Tuvalu&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Vanuatu&quot;,&quot;0.80&quot;],[&quot;Sweden**&quot;,&quot;0.75&quot;],[&quot;Malta&quot;,&quot;0.65&quot;],[&quot;Slovakia&quot;,&quot;0.65&quot;]],&quot;footer&quot;:[]},&quot;isFreeformChart&quot;:true}\" data-wp-init--detect-web-share-support=\"callbacks.detectWebShareSupport\" data-wp-init--sync-table-height=\"callbacks.syncTableHeight\" data-wp-init--watch-chart=\"callbacks.watchChart\" data-wp-init--reset-tab-on-navigation=\"callbacks.resetTabOnNavigation\" data-png-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/07\/hardest_and_easiest_national_constitutions_to_amend-316073-1783015293.png\" data-has-csv=\"true\" data-allow-data-download=\"true\" data-post-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/hardest-and-easiest-national-constitutions-to-amend\/\" data-chart-url=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/hardest-and-easiest-national-constitutions-to-amend\/\" data-chart-title=\"Hardest and easiest national constitutions to amend\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-allow-overlay=\"true\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__text-wrapper\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; max-width:420px;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\" data-meta-field=\"title\">Hardest and easiest national constitutions to amend<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\" data-meta-field=\"subtitle\">Difficulty score based on easiest pathway, as specified in constitution<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-chart-builder-freeform-chart has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-640-wide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/hardest-and-easiest-national-constitutions-to-amend\/constitution-chart-5\/\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f2f4f4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f2f4f4;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/07\/constitution-chart_669dde.png?resize=480,152 480w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/07\/constitution-chart_669dde.png?resize=782,248 782w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/07\/constitution-chart_669dde.png?resize=960,304 960w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/07\/constitution-chart_669dde.png?resize=1200,381 1200w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/07\/constitution-chart_669dde.png?resize=1564,496 1564w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/07\/constitution-chart_669dde.png?resize=1600,507 1600w, https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/07\/constitution-chart_669dde.png?resize=1750,555 1750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 480px, (max-width: 782px) 782px, 640px\" height=\"203\" width=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/07\/constitution-chart_669dde.png?w=640\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-327000 not-transparent\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\" data-meta-field=\"note\">Note: When a constitution specifies more than one amendment process, the \u201cdifficulty of amendment\u201d scores represent the <em>least difficult<\/em> process. Data is based on the 106 countries we classify as democracies and includes some fully self-governing territories whose sovereign status is disputed.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\" data-meta-field=\"source\">Source: Pew Research Center analysis using scoring system based on \u201cToward a Theory of Constitutional Amendment\u201d by Donald S. Lutz (American Political Science Review, June 1994).<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\" data-meta-field=\"tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__hr\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0px; max-width:420px;\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- register a callback on this div to see if the native share is supported -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__overlay\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"share-modal__overlay-ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.hideModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- TODO: I would like to be able to use the social share block here. Need to modify it to work with the share modal. -->\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal\" id=\"share-modal-ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--web-share-supported=\"state.webShareSupported\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-chart-view=\"share\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"share-modal__title\">Share this chart<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"share-modal__close\" aria-label=\"Close Share Modal\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.hideModal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-no-alt\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share-modal__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareTwitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on X<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"share-modal__button share-modal__button--facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.shareFacebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share on Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\" id=\"ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86-table\" style=\"max-width:420px;\">\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__title\" data-meta-field=\"title\">Hardest and easiest national constitutions to amend<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__subtitle\" data-meta-field=\"subtitle\">Difficulty score based on easiest pathway, as specified in constitution<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-chart-builder-table__inner\" style=\"max-width: 420px !important; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: auto;\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-prc-block-table is-scroll-on-pc is-scroll-on-mobile chart-builder-data-table has-sans-serif-font-family has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout is-sticky-first-column\"><thead><tr><th>Democracy<\/th><th>Difficulty of amendment<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Micronesia, Federated States<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">6.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">United States<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">5.10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Switzerland<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">4.75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Australia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">4.65<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Palau<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">4.50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Fiji<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Costa Rica<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.65<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Liberia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.60<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Romania<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.35<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Grenada<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Philippines<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Marshall Islands<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Belgium<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Japan<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Netherlands<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Paraguay<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">3.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Taiwan*<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.90<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Brazil<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.90<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Denmark<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Northern Cyprus<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">South Korea<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Ireland<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Bolivia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.40<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Andorra<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Ecuador<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Liechtenstein<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Colombia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Italy<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">North Macedonia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Greece<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.20<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Argentina<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Nepal<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Lithuania<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Montenegro<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Peru<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Dominican Republic<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Chile<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Ghana<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Luxembourg<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Solomon Islands<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Uruguay<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Poland<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.70<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Estonia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.65<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Germany<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.60<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">India<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.60<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Namibia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.60<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Finland<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Croatia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Antigua and Barbuda<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Monaco<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">South Africa<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">St. Lucia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Czech Republic<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Iceland<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Jamaica<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Spain<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Bulgaria<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">2.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Guyana<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Lesotho<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Senegal<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Albania<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.05<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Armenia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.05<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Kosovo<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Moldova<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Slovenia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.05<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Bahamas<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Barbados<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Botswana<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Malaysia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Tonga<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Trinidad and Tobago<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">1.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Bhutan<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.90<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">France<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.90<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Mongolia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.90<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Panama<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.90<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Austria<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Belize<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Cape Verde<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Cyprus<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Dominica<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">East Timor<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Hungary<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Kiribati<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Latvia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Malawi<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Mauritius<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Nauru<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Norway<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Portugal<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Samoa<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Sao Tome and Principe<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Seychelles<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Sri Lanka<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">St. Kitts and Nevis<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">St. Vincent and the Grenadines<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Suriname<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Tuvalu<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Vanuatu<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Sweden**<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Malta<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.65<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-prc-v-col=\"0\">Slovakia<\/td><td data-prc-v-col=\"1\">0.65<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p class=\"prc-block-table-source-note\">* The data in the table refers to the \u201cAdditional Articles of the Constitution,\u201d which effectively rewrote the old 1947 Republic of China constitution.<br>** Although Sweden&#8217;s constitution formally consists of four \u201cfundamental laws,\u201d the data in the table refers specifically to the Instrument of Government, which contains most of the basic principles of government. However, the difficulty of amendment score applies to all four fundamental laws.<\/p><\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr class=\"cb__download-data-button-hr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__download-data-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.downloadData\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"has-sans-serif-font-family\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDownload data as .csv\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"prc-chart-builder\/chart\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86-chart&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--note\" data-meta-field=\"note\">Note: When a constitution specifies more than one amendment process, the \u201cdifficulty of amendment\u201d scores represent the <em>least difficult<\/em> process. Data is based on the 106 countries we classify as democracies and includes some fully self-governing territories whose sovereign status is disputed.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__note cb__note--source\" data-meta-field=\"source\">Source: Pew Research Center analysis using scoring system based on \u201cToward a Theory of Constitutional Amendment\u201d by Donald S. Lutz (American Political Science Review, June 1994).<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cb__tag\" data-meta-field=\"tag\">PEW RESEARCH CENTER<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<hr style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 420px;\">\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons\" style=\"max-width:420px;\"><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__tabs\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--chart\" data-chart-view=\"chart\" data-chart-id=\"ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Chart<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--table\" data-chart-view=\"table\" data-chart-id=\"ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Data<\/button><\/div><div class=\"wp-chart-builder-view-buttons__actions\"><button class=\"view-button view-button--download-image\" data-chart-id=\"ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.downloadImage\">Download Image<\/button><button class=\"view-button view-button--share\" data-chart-view=\"share\" data-chart-id=\"ac98d0ea-af34-4b73-9128-e8020f542d86\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.setActiveTab\" data-wp-class--active=\"state.isActive\">Share<\/button><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":717,"featured_media":327004,"template":"","meta":{"sub_headline":"","sub_title":"","_prc_public_revisions":[],"_ppp_expiration_hours":0,"_ppp_enabled":false,"ai_generated_summary":"","design_slug":"SR_2026.06.19_us_democracy_constitutions","canonical_parent_id":0,"datacite_doi":"","datacite_doi_citation":"","_prc_seo_qr_attachment_id":0,"footnotes":"","_prc_fork_parent":0,"_prc_fork_status":"","_prc_active_fork":0},"categories":[],"chart_type":[2934],"datasets":[],"level_of_effort":[],"primary_audience":[],"information_type":[],"class_list":["post-316073","chart","type-chart","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"label":false,"post_parent":0,"word_count":385,"canonical_url":"https:\/\/alpha.pewresearch.org\/pewresearch-org\/chart\/hardest-and-easiest-national-constitutions-to-amend\/","_embeds":[],"table_of_contents":[],"datacite_doi":"","prc_seo_data":{"title":"Hardest and easiest national constitutions to amend","description":"DemocracyDifficulty of amendmentMicronesia, Federated States6.00United States5.10Switzerland4.75Australia4.65Palau4.50Fiji3.80Costa Rica3.65Liberia3.60Romania3.35Grenada3.30Philippines3.30Marshall Islands3.25Belgium3.10Japan3.10Netherlands3.10Paraguay3.00Taiwan*2.90Brazil0.90Denmark2.75Northern Cyprus2.55South Korea2.55Ireland2.50Bolivia2.40Andorra2.55Ecuador2.30Liechtenstein2.30Colombia2.25Italy2.25North Macedonia2.25Greece2.20Argentina2.10Nepal2.10Lithuania2.00Montenegro2.00Peru2.00Dominican Republic1.80Chile1.75Ghana1.75Luxembourg1.75Solomon Islands1.75Uruguay1.75Poland1.70Estonia1.65Germany1.60India1.60Namibia1.60Finland1.55Croatia1.45Antigua and Barbuda1.30Monaco1.30South Africa1.30St. Lucia1.30Czech Republic1.25Iceland1.25Jamaica1.25Spain1.25Bulgaria2.00Guyana1.15Lesotho1.15Senegal1.15Albania1.05Armenia1.05Kosovo1.55Moldova1.55Slovenia1.05Bahamas1.00Barbados1.00Botswana1.00Malaysia1.00Tonga1.00Trinidad and 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