Striking findings from 2025
Here’s a look back at 2025 through 12 of our most striking research findings.
Race and Ethnicity
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Key facts about Black Americans and religion
Most Black Americans are Christian, though the share who identify as such has fallen since 2007.
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Majorities of Latinos Disapprove of Trump and His Policies on Immigration, Economy
78% of Hispanics say Trump’s policies harm their group, but views of the president and policies differ widely by how they voted in 2024.
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Counting Race: How the Census Measures Identity and What Americans Think About It
How the U.S. government measures race has changed substantially since censuses began in 1790. Today, Americans differ on whether the government should ask about race.
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The changing categories the U.S. census has used to measure race
Racial categories, which have been on every U.S. census, have changed from decade to decade, reflecting the politics and science of the times.
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Key facts about U.S. Latinos
Between 2000 and 2024, the U.S. Latino population nearly doubled, rising from 35.3 million to 68 million.
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Q&A: How Pew Research Center estimates the number of unauthorized immigrants living in the U.S.
In this Q&A, we speak with Senior Demographer Jeffrey S. Passel about how the Center estimates the number of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S.
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U.S. Unauthorized Immigrant Population Reached a Record 14 Million in 2023
The number of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. reached an all-time high after two consecutive years of record growth.
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What the data says about immigrants in the U.S.
As of June 2025, the country’s foreign-born population had shrunk by more than a million people, marking its first decline since the 1960s.
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About 1 in 4 U.S. adults worry they or someone close to them could be deported
About four-in-ten immigrants (43%) say they worry a lot or some, up from 33% in March.
