---
"title": "Appendix: Defining income tiers"
"description": "To create upper-, middle- and lower-income tiers, respondents’ 2019 family incomes were adjusted for differences in purchasing power by geographic region and for household size. “Middle-income” adults live in families with annual incomes that are two-thirds to double the median family income in the panel (after incomes have been adjusted for the local cost of […]"
"date": "2021-04-15"
"authors":
  -
    "name": "Reem Nadeem"
"url": "https://alpha.pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/politics/2021/04/15/biden-100-days-appendix/"
"categories":
  - "Coronavirus (COVID-19)"
  - "COVID-19 & Politics"
  - "COVID-19 & the Economy"
  - "Election 2020"
  - "Immigration Attitudes"
  - "Joe Biden"
  - "National Conditions"
  - "Politics & Policy"
  - "Presidential Approval"
  - "Unauthorized Immigration"
  - "Vaccines"
"datasets":
  -
    "name": "American Trends Panel Wave 87"
    "url": "https://alpha.pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/dataset/american-trends-panel-wave-87/"
---

# Appendix: Defining income tiers

To create upper-, middle- and lower-income tiers, respondents’ 2019 family incomes were adjusted for differences in purchasing power by geographic region and for household size. “Middle-income” adults live in families with annual incomes that are two-thirds to double the median family income in the panel (after incomes have been adjusted for the local cost of living and for household size). The middle-income range for the American Trends Panel is about $38,900 to $116,800 annually for an average family of three. Lower-income families have incomes less than roughly $38,900, and upper-income families have incomes greater than roughly $116,800 (all figures expressed in 2019 dollars).

Based on these adjustments, 32% are lower income, 45% are middle income and 19% fall into the upper-income tier. An additional 4% either didn’t offer a response to the income question or the household size question.

For more information about how the income tiers were determined, please see [here](https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2020/09/24/covid-19-financial-hardships-methodology/).

---

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