Nearly two-thirds of American adults (65%) use social networking sites, up from 7% when Pew Research Center began systematically tracking social media usage in 2005. Pew Research reports have documented in great detail how the rise of social media has affected such things as work, politics and political deliberation, communications patterns around the globe, as well as the way people get and share information about health, civic life, news consumption, communities, teenage life, parenting, dating and even people’s level of stress.

Year	Internet Users	All Adults
2005	10	7
2006	16	11
2008	34	25
2009	50	38
2010	60	46
2011	65	50
2012	67	55
2013	73	62
2014	74	62
2015	76	65

Source: Pew Research Center surveys, 2005-2006, 2008-2015. No data are available for 2007.

A special analysis of 27 national surveys of Americans across the past decade documents this substantial spread of technology throughout the population, although the overall number of users of social networking sites has leveled off since 2013.¹ At the same time, there continues to be growth in social media usage among some groups that were not among the earliest adopters, including older Americans.

The figures reported here are for social media usage among all adults, not just among those Americans who are internet users. In many previous Pew Research reports, the share of social media users has been reported as the proportion of internet users who had adopted such sites, rather than the full adult population, which continues to include a relatively small share (currently 15%) who still remain offline. In this report, a broader picture of the American landscape is presented, and so the figures are based on the entire adult population.

Across demographic groups, a number of trends emerge in this analysis of social media usage:

• Age differences: Seniors make strides – Young adults (ages 18 to 29) are the most likely to use social media – fully 90% do. Still, usage among those 65 and older has more than tripled since 2010 when 11% used social media. Today, 35% of all those 65 and older report using social media, compared with just 2% in 2005.
• Gender differences: Women and men use social media at similar rates – Women were more likely than men to use social networking sites for a number of years, although since 2014 these differences have been modest. Today, 68% of all women use social media, compared with 62% of all men.
• Socio-economic differences: Those with higher education levels and household income lead the way – Over the past decade, it has consistently been the case that those in higher-income households were more likely to use social media. More than half (56%) of those living in the lowest-income households now use social media, though growth has leveled off in the past few years. Turning to educational attainment, a similar pattern is observed. Those with at least some college experience have been consistently more likely than those with a high school degree or less to use social media over the past decade. 2013 was the first year that more than half of those with a high school diploma or less used social media.
• Racial and ethnic similarities: There are not notable differences by racial or ethnic group: 65% of whites, 65% of Hispanics and 56% of African-Americans use social media today.
• Community differences: More than half of rural residents now use social media – Those who live in rural areas are less likely than those in suburban and urban communities to use social media, a pattern consistent over the past decade. Today, 58% of rural residents, 68% of suburban residents, and 64% of urban residents use social media.

What follows is an overview of changes over time in social media by various demographic groups. A full archive of Pew Research Center reports on different social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest and LinkedIn as well as about social media usage on mobile devices in general can be found at: https://alpha.pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/internet/topics/social-networking/.

Social Media Usage by Age: Ubiquitous Among Youngest Adults, Notable Among Older Adults

  Age is strongly correlated with social media usage: Those ages 18 to 29 have always been the most likely users of social media by a considerable margin. Today, 90% of young adults use social media, compared with 12% in 2005, a 78-percentage point increase. At the same time, there has been a 69-point bump among those ages 30-49, from 8% in 2005 to 77% today.

Year	18-29	30-49	50-64	65 or older
2005	12	8	5	2
2006	41	6	3	0
2008	63	27	9	2
2009	72	44	22	7
2010	78	53	33	11
2011	80	60	37	13
2012	83	67	43	19
2013	88	73	52	26
2014	84	77	52	27
2015	90	77	51	35

Source: Pew Research Center surveys, 2005-2006, 2008-2015. No data are available for 2007.

While usage among young adults started to leveled off as early as 2010, since then there has been a surge in usership among those 65 and older. In 2005, 2% of seniors used social media, compared with 35% today.

Social Media Usage by Gender: A Shifting Balance Over Time, With Parity Today

In 2005, 8% of men and 6% of women used social media.

Year	Female	Male
2005	6	8
2006	10	13
2008	26	24
2009	40	36
2010	50	42
2011	52	48
2012	59	51
2013	65	59
2014	63	60
2015	68	62

Source: Pew Research Center surveys, 2005-2006, 2008-2015. No data are available for 2007.

Starting in 2009, women started using social media at slightly higher rates than men, although this balance has shrunk yet again in recent years. Today, 68% of women and 62% of men report social media usage, a difference that is not statistically significant.

Social Media Usage by Educational Attainment: Those With Higher Education Levels More Likely to be Social Media Users

Those who have attended at least some college are more likely than those with a high school diploma or less to use social media, a trend that has been consistent since 2005. In that year, 4% of those with a high school diploma or less used social media, along with 8% of those who attended some college and 12% of college graduates.

Year	College graduate or more	Some college / Associate degree	High school graduate or less
2005	12	8	4
2006	9	17	9
2008	29	32	20
2009	49	47	28
2010	56	55	35
2011	61	61	39
2012	65	65	44
2013	72	69	51
2014	69	71	50
2015	76	70	54

Source: Pew Research Center surveys, 2005-2006, 2008-2015. No data are available for 2007.

Currently adoption rates for social media stand at 76% for those with college or graduate degrees, 70% of those with some college education and 54% for those who have a high school diploma or less.

At the same time, the share of those with a high school diploma or less who use social media has grown more than tenfold over the past decade.

Social Media Usage by Household Income: Those Living in Affluent Households More Likely to Be Social Media Users

There were modest differences by household income when Pew Research first began measuring social media usage in 2005: 4% of those living in households earning less than $30,000 used social media, compared with 12% of those living in household earning $75,000 or more.

Year	Less than $30K	$30K-$49,999	$50K-$74,999	$75K+
2005	4	8	8	12
2006	8	16	9	10
2008	24	28	27	30
2009	33	41	44	50
2010	39	49	52	58
2011	42	57	55	65
2012	50	58	59	69
2013	57	63	69	72
2014	58	64	67	74
2015	56	69	72	78

Source: Pew Research Center surveys, 2005-2006, 2008-2015. No data are available for 2007.

Those differences have persisted even as each group has seen dramatic growth in usage.

Today, 78% of those living in the highest-income households use social media, compared with 56% of those in the lowest-income households – a 22-point difference.

Social Media Usage by Race/Ethnicity: Consistent Similarities

When it comes to race and ethnicity, trends in social media adoption are defined by similarities, not differences. Whites, African-Americans and Hispanics have broadly adopted social media at the same brisk pace.

Year	White, non-Hispanic	Black, non-Hispanic	Hispanic
2005	7	6	10
2006	9	11
2008	22	26	36
2009	39	36	37
2010	46	43	45
2011	50	48	48
2012	55	52	54
2013	61	60	65
2014	59	61	66
2015	65	56	65

Source: Pew Research Center surveys, 2005-2006, 2008-2015. No data are available for 2007.

In 2005, 6% of African-Americans, 7% of whites and 10% of Hispanics used social networking sites. Today, those figures stand at 56% of African-Americans and 65% of both whites and Hispanics.

Social Media Usage by Community Type: More Than Half of Rural Residents Now Use Social Media

Adults who live in rural communities have historically been the least likely to use social media. In 2005, 5% of rural residents, 7% of suburban residents and 9% of urban residents reported social media usage. Today, 58% of rural residents, 68% of suburban residents and 64% of urban residents use social media.

Year	Urban	Suburban	Rural
2005	9	7	5
2006	14	10	10
2008	28	24	18
2009	37	37	28
2010	49	47	37
2011	53	51	43
2012	58	57	48
2013	65	62	55
2014	63	64	53
2015	64	68	58

Source: Pew Research Center surveys, 2005-2006, 2008-2015. No data are available for 2007.

This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals. Find related reports online at www.pewresearch.org/pewresearch-org/internet

Andrew Perrin, Research Assistant Maeve Duggan, Research Associate Lee Rainie, Director, Internet, Science, and Technology Research Aaron Smith, Associate Director, Research Shannon Greenwood, Assistant Digital Producer Margaret Porteus, Information Graphics Designer Dana Page, Senior Communications Manager

This analysis of social media usage is based on a compilation of 27 surveys and about 47,000 interviews among adult internet users and about 62,000 interviews among all adults conducted by Pew Research Center from March 2005 to July 2015. These surveys are combined, allowing for comparisons of trends among different demographic groups across years. Yearly totals are calculated by combining all surveys for the calendar year with appropriate weights applied. Weighting to adjust for disproportionate sampling and nonresponse reduces the precision of estimates beyond what would be achieved under simple random sampling. In this report, all measures of sampling error and statistical tests of significance take into account the design effect of weighting. The tables below show the number of surveys and interviews conducted each year for internet users and all adults respectively, as well as the margin of error for each yearly sample.