Overview

Opinion leaders around the world believe that the events of Sept. 11 opened a new chapter in world history, but their views about the United States and its struggle with terrorism reflect a more familiar love-hate relationship with America. Influentials in much of the world, except for Western Europe, see mixed public attitudes toward the war on terrorism. For example, while popular support is reported in most regions of the world, the U.S. is seen as overreacting to the terrorist attacks. Most important, a huge gulf of disagreement exists between American elites and opinion leaders in other parts of the world about the causes of terrorism and the sources of resentment and respect for the U.S.

Commenting on public sentiment in their countries, opinion leaders in most regions say U.S. policies are believed to be a principal cause of the Sept. 11 attack. And majorities in all parts of the world, including Western Europe, say that many or most of the people in their countries think it is good that Americans now know what it is like to be vulnerable.

Asked for their own view, most opinion leaders say they think the U.S. is conducting the war on terrorism without taking into account its allies’ interests. There also is little backing among the 275 political, media, cultural, business and government leaders in 24 countries surveyed by the Pew Research Center and the International Herald Tribune for extending the war to Iraq or Somalia, even if it is shown that these countries have supported terrorism. While half of U.S. opinion leaders would favor expanding the conflict, large majorities in most parts of the world say the war should be confined to Afghanistan.

But reflecting a broad ambivalence toward the United States, a majority of non-U.S. opinion leaders, including nearly half of influentials in Islamic countries, say many or most people in their countries think the U.S. is doing the right thing in fighting terrorism. Moreover, when speaking for themselves, even opinion leaders in Islamic nations say the war against terrorism is worth the risk of destabilizing Muslim states that support the anti-terror coalition.

Few opinion leaders, even in Muslim countries, see popular support for the al Qaeda position and most report at least a moderate degree of public backing for the U.S. More generally, two-thirds of opinion leaders outside the U.S. say ordinary people in their countries have a favorable view of the U.S. The notable exception is the Middle East/conflict area, where roughly half say ordinary people have a negative impression of the U.S.

It should be noted that these are observations that opinion leaders around the world make about people in their countries. A principal objective of the forthcoming Pew Global Attitudes Project will be to test these findings by conducting public opinion surveys in 25 countries over the course of the next year.

American elites see the world image of the U.S. through a different lens than do their counterparts overseas. While they recognize that U.S. power is resented, opinion leaders in the United States believe America’s support of Israel is also a big problem. Not so, say opinion leaders in most other parts of the world, except for those in Islamic nations. Even among leaders in the Middle East/conflict area (Egypt, Turkey, Pakistan and Uzbekistan), U.S. support for Israel is not a bigger factor than are criticisms of the American role in the world.

Along with resentment of U.S. power, the other leading reason that people around the world dislike the United States, according to foreign opinion leaders, is the perception that U.S. policies contribute to the growing gap between rich and poor nations. While acknowledged by some American opinion leaders as well, influentials in most other regions see this as a bigger problem.

Similarly, while American opinion leaders think the U.S. is liked for its good works around the world, fewer than one-in-four leaders in all other regions agree. What U.S. influentials underestimate is the importance of the nation’s role as a technological and scientific leader in bolstering America’s image overseas. Two-thirds of foreign opinion leaders rate this as a major reason why people like the U.S.

The perception of the United States as the land of opportunity is what most opinion leaders ­ both in the United States and overseas ­ see as America’s strong suit. American democratic ideals also are thought to be appealing by majorities of leaders in most parts of the world, with Muslim countries not far behind.

While U.S. support for Israel is not seen as a major factor in why ordinary people dislike the United States, except in Muslim states, a 73% majority of opinion leaders around the world believe the U.S. has been too supportive of Israel. Just 35% of American elites concur. And there is broad consensus among influentials that if the U.S. pressured Israel to create a Palestinian state, terrorism would be reduced ­ 67% of American leaders subscribe to that view, as do 74% of those overseas.

There is little indication that criticisms of the United States by anti-globalization activists hold much sway with people around the world. The growing power of U.S. multinational corporations is not seen as a leading factor in why the U.S. is disliked, except in Western Europe. The spread of American culture through movies, TV and music is at most a minor reason for animosity toward the U.S., according to foreign influentials. Looking forward, few see the sale of American products and the popularity of American entertainment being hurt by the war on terrorism.

When asked directly whether globalization has been a cause of terrorism, pluralities of opinion leaders viewed it as a minor factor at best. Nor is globalization likely to become a casualty of the war. The consensus is that the pace of globalization has barely slowed ­ and even this is seen as a temporary phenomenon by most opinion leaders, in the United States and abroad. This despite the fact that strong majorities see migration, travel and tourism being hurt by the war.

These findings are based on 275 interviews with influential people in politics, media, business, culture and government conducted by the Pew Research Center, Princeton Survey Research Associates and the International Herald Tribune, Nov. 12 to Dec. 13. Almost all interviewing was conducted after the fall of Kabul as the Taliban was in full retreat. Of the 275 interviews, 40 were conducted in the U.S. and approximately 10 were conducted in each of the countries listed. (See Survey Methodology for a fuller description of the survey design.)

This is the inaugural survey of “The Pew Global Attitudes Project,” a series of worldwide public-opinion surveys that will measure the impact of globalization, modernization, rapid technological and cultural change and recent terrorist events on the values and attitudes of 30,000 people in 25 countries worldwide. It will be conducted and released over the coming two years. (See project description.)

Despite their deep differences over the causes and consequences of the terror attacks, opinion leaders in every region agree that Sept. 11 marked the beginning of a new chapter in world history. About eight-in-ten (78%) U.S. respondents, and virtually the same number elsewhere, believe that the terrorist attacks and subsequent conflict opened a new era.

There also is broad agreement that air travel and tourism are likely to be casualties of the war on terrorism. Nearly all Americans and eight-in-ten of those from other nations say air travel will be harmed, while only somewhat fewer (90% U.S., 64% non-U.S.) say the same about tourism. Opinion leaders in Eastern Europe/Russia are notable for their lack of pessimism concerning tourism – just a third say tourism in their countries will be negatively affected.

Beyond that, the opinion leaders differ over what the war will mean for their countries. American opinion leaders are virtually unanimous in their view that personal freedoms and privacy will be curtailed as a result of the war, and solid majorities in Western Europe see the same for their countries (71% say personal freedom will be hurt, 66% privacy). This view is not as prevalent elsewhere – in Eastern Europe/Russia and Asia, no more than half believe personal liberties and privacy will be limited because of the struggle against terrorism.

On economic issues, opinion leaders in Asia are much more likely than those in other regions to say their nation’s exports and foreign investment will be undermined in the coming year by the fight against terrorism. While better than eight-in-ten respondents from Asia say those two areas will be hurt, fewer than half of those in other regions agree. A majority of the U.S. respondents (58%) believe exports will be unaffected while a 45% plurality says the same about foreign investment.

Population migration also is likely to be affected by the war on terrorism, according to opinion leaders, especially those in Latin America. Roughly seven-in-ten (71%) influentials in Latin America think migration will be negatively affected. American opinion leaders agree. Asked a different form of the question, fully 78% of U.S. influentials expect immigration to the United States to be hurt by the war.

Perhaps surprisingly, opinion leaders outside the United States do not see much of a backlash against American consumer goods or music and movies because of the war. In fact, majorities of non-U.S. respondents expect the sale of U.S. products and the popularity of American movies to be either boosted or unaffected by the conflict. American opinion leaders are far more likely to believe sales of U.S. consumer goods will be hurt (half expect that to occur), although they agree that the popularity of U.S. music and movies will be unaffected.

The opinion leaders are virtually unanimous in their view that use of the Internet will not be hurt by the current conflict. Respondents in the Middle East/conflict area are especially bullish on the Internet – 72% say use of the Internet will be helped as a result of the war. In Asia, a solid plurality (43%) believes that the use of the Internet will be helped. Elsewhere, most respondents expect that Internet use will be unaffected by the war on terrorism.

Westerners Willing to Sacrifice Freedoms

In addition to evaluating ways in which their nation’s economic and political life may be affected by the war, opinion leaders were asked their opinion of specific policies relating to personal liberty and immigration. American and Western European influentials – who are most likely to say they expect future terrorists attacks – are also among the most willing to sacrifice personal freedoms as part of the fight against terrorism.

Two-thirds of influentials in the United States and Western Europe say they are willing to accept less personal freedom. Opinion leaders from other nations express more reluctance about sacrificing freedom. In the Middle East/conflict area and Latin America, roughly half say they would be unwilling to accept less freedom, while about four-in-ten of those in Asia and Eastern Europe/Russia agree.

Opinion leaders have a similarly mixed view of tighter immigration curbs. Narrow majorities in the United States and Middle East/conflict area support such curbs in their countries. But two-thirds of Asian influentials oppose such restrictions, more than any other group.

New World Order?

Most opinion leaders in the United States and Western Europe think that one of the silver linings of the war on terrorism will be a lasting improvement in relations between the U.S., Russia and China. But respondents in other regions are far more skeptical, including a solid majority of those from Eastern Europe/Russia.

Nearly two-thirds of opinion leaders in America (63%) and Western Europe (65%) expect closer relations between the United States, Russia and China to endure. Respondents from Eastern Europe/Russia disagree – 57% say closer ties among the three nations will be only temporary. By slightly larger margins, opinion leaders in Asia and the Middle East/conflict area also say they doubt that the newly improved relations will last.

A similar gap exists on the question of whether democratic institutions in nations undergoing the transition to democracy will be helped or harmed by the war on terrorism. Most American opinion leaders (55%) say democratic institutions in those countries will be helped, and by about two-to-one (43%-22%), respondents in Western Europe agree. But 64% of opinion leaders in Eastern Europe/Russia believe that democratic institutions in emerging democracies will be hurt, not helped, by the struggle against terrorism.

Few See Broader Conflict

Opinion leaders in both the West and Islamic countries reject the notion that the Sept. 11 attacks will trigger a major cultural clash pitting the West against Islam. Indeed, there is a confluence of opinion among respondents in the United States, Western Europe and Islamic countries that the conflict will be limited to a struggle between the West and the al Qaeda group – better than half in all three regions take this view.

Respondents in the Middle East/conflict area are somewhat more likely to envision a broader conflict (41% see broader clash, 54% limited conflict). And interestingly, opinion leaders in Eastern Europe/Russia are split on this point; as many see a major conflict between the West and Islam (40%) as believe it will be limited to al Qaeda.

In the conflict with Osama bin Laden’s group, most opinion leaders – with the notable exception of those in the United States – feel it is unlikely that their country will become a target of al Qaeda terrorism. Fully 85% of Americans say new attacks by al Qaeda against their country are likely; only about one-in-four of those elsewhere believe their country will become targets. Only among Western Europeans (47% of whom say an attack on their nation is likely) is there much concern about an al Qaeda attack.

Of the small number outside the United States who say an attack by al Qaeda is likely, nearly all think that allying with the U.S. is the best way to avoid such an attack. Even among those in the Middle East/conflict area, fewer than one-in-ten say that creating distance with the United States would be an effective means of avoiding future al Qaeda attacks.

U.S. Seen as Acting Unilaterally – Again

The wide gap between American opinion leaders and those from other nations over the U.S. image is mirrored in the dramatically different perceptions of whether the United States is taking heed of the interests of coalition partners in the fight against terrorism. Seven-in-ten American opinion leaders say the United States is taking into account allied interests. On average, six-in-ten of those in other nations disagree, saying the U.S. is acting mainly on its own interests.

What is striking is the uniformity of that view across regions. Roughly as many opinion leaders in Western Europe (66%) – where there is considerable support for U.S. military action – as in the Middle East/conflict area (71%) believe the United States is acting mostly in its own interests in battling terrorism.

The view among elites in Western Europe that the United States is mostly going it alone shows that, at least in this respect, opinions apparently have changed little as a result of Sept. 11. Before the attacks, better than seven-in-ten members of the public in four Western European nations said that the Bush administration based foreign policy decisions entirely on U.S. interests rather than taking European interests into account (see “Bush Unpopular in Europe, Seen As Unilateralist,” Aug. 15).

Differences Over Israel

Substantial majorities of opinion leaders in every region except Eastern Europe/Russia believe the United States has been too supportive of Israel. American influentials, on balance, disagree: 45% say that U.S. backing for Israel has not been excessive, while 35% say that it has.

Opinion leaders in the Middle East/conflict area, not surprisingly, are nearly unanimous in their view that the United States has been too supportive of Israel. Yet that opinion is widely shared in Latin America and Asia as well, where roughly eight-in-ten believe U.S. backing has been excessive. The only significant dissent comes from Eastern Europe/Russia, where opinion is split – 40% say U.S. has provided too much support for Israel, while 47% disagree.

There is broad agreement that U.S. pressure on Israel to create a Palestinian state would reduce terrorism. Most American opinion leaders (67%) subscribe to this view, as do those in other regions, especially the Middle East/conflict area (90%).

Mid-East Leaders See Risk Worth It

Many opinion leaders, especially those in Asia and Eastern Europe/Russia, say the war on terrorism is not worth the risk it poses to the governments of Muslim states aligned with the United States against terrorism. But influentials in Pakistan, Uzbekistan and Turkey do not share this view (this question was not asked in Egypt).

In fact, by a 74%-23% margin, influentials in this region say the military action is worth the risk it poses to governments of Islamic nations. Only among U.S. opinion leaders is this view more prevalent (85% agree).

Most global opinion leaders say people in their countries hold favorable views of the United States, in spite of their negative perceptions of U.S. power. This is particularly true in Western Europe, where 81% of influentials say publics have a very or mostly favorable impression of the United States. Only in the Islamic world are elites divided – 48% of leaders there report mostly favorable views, while 49% say the U.S. is viewed unfavorably. Elites perceive that there is a comparably high level of support for Washington in its current struggle with Osama bin Laden and the al Qaeda network. Influentials say most or many people in their countries side with the United States in this conflict. Again, this is less the case in Islamic countries, where opinion leaders are divided over how many people support the position of the U.S. But even in Islamic countries, including those in the Middle East/conflict area, only a small minority of opinion leaders see popular support for bin Laden and his followers.

Contrasting Images of U.S.

Positive feelings toward the United States are strongly attributable to what America stands for, not what America does in the world, say opinion leaders. Most of all, they reflect the widespread view across regions that the United States is the land of opportunity. An overwhelming majority of those questioned – two-thirds of opinion leaders in Latin America and roughly three-quarters in Asia, Europe and the Middle East/conflict area – think that is why people in their countries like America. U.S. leadership in scientific and technological innovation is another major image booster for the United States, with two-thirds of those surveyed citing such leadership as an asset abroad. They also say pro-U.S. sentiment is a product of people’s strong appreciation for America’s democratic ideals. And, despite the criticism of American materialism by many intellectuals around the world, a slight majority of leaders both in the United States and abroad attribute the high regard for the United States to the popularity of American consumer goods. Dissatisfaction with the United States is, however, largely attributable to how America acts in the world. Unlike the positive assessments of the United States, which tend to be shared fairly consistently across regions, different parts of the world react negatively to different actions and policies of the United States. The U.S. is viewed unfavorably by many for its general power and influence. Particularly in many European countries, including Russia, opinion leaders perceive a good deal of resentment of the United States’ power in the world among citizens of their countries, as well as unhappiness with the dominance of U.S. culture, U.S. corporations, and the belief that U.S. policies may have contributed to the growing gap between rich and poor nations. Distinct from these concerns are another set of criticisms about how the United States has handled regional affairs in the Middle East. The impression that U.S. policies and actions in the world were a major cause of the terrorist attacks is strongly related to the perception that the United States is overreacting in its response, and a general dislike of U.S. support for Israel.

Not surprisingly, public dissatisfaction with America’s Middle East policy is perceived to be highest in largely Islamic countries. In particular, citizens of those countries closest to the current conflicts – Pakistan, Egypt, Uzbekistan and Turkey – have a strongly unfavorable view of U.S. policy toward Israel, and the U.S. response to the terrorist attacks. However, these same Islamic states express less concern over American power in general than do citizens of other parts of the world. U.S. business and cultural hegemony is, at best, a minor consideration, and fewer resent U.S. power and economic policies than in other regions. This is especially true in Islamic countries that are not close to the current conflicts. Leaders in Indonesia, Bangladesh and Nigeria see very little public concern in their countries over American cultural, economic, and political influence. Western European publics, by contrast, are seen as having the greatest distaste for American power in general, while opposition to American policy in the Middle East is not thought to be widespread in these countries. Opinion leaders in Eastern Europe see similar attitudes among citizens of their countries, though Russians, in particular, are perceived as being unhappy with both American hegemony in general as well as the handling of Middle Eastern affairs.

Perceived Views: Blame, Sympathy for U.S.

Opinion leaders from every region say large numbers of people in their country think U.S. policies were a major cause of the Sept. 11 attacks. Even in Western Europe, 36% of opinion leaders say most or many people in their country believe U.S. policies were to blame; that figure rises to 71% in Eastern Europe/Russia and 81% in the Middle East/conflict area.

Even more widespread among ordinary people, according to elites, is the view that it is good that Americans know what it is like to be vulnerable. Seven-in-ten opinion leaders say at least many people in their countries think this – ranging from a low of 65% in the Middle East/conflict area to a high of 76% in Asia. Yet underscoring the mixed feelings many people have toward the United States, the opinion leaders also say that large numbers of people in their countries are sympathetic with the United States. Indeed, two-thirds say most or many people in their countries think it is sad to see what America is going through, virtually the same number as say many people think it is good for the U.S. to feel vulnerable.

About four-in-ten opinion leaders outside the U.S. say that many or most people in their country believe that the United States is overreacting to the terrorist attacks. This opinion is most prevalent in the Middle East/conflict area (62%), but a majority in Eastern Europe/Russia also say that many or most people hold this view. But even though sizable numbers think that the United States is overreacting, the influentials also say that publics around the world support the objective of rooting out terrorism. A solid majority (62%) of the business, economic and cultural influentials overseas say that at least many people in their countries think that the United States is doing the right thing by fighting terrorism. Popular support for the struggle against terrorism is seen as highest in Western Europe (90% most/many support) and lowest in the Middle East/conflict area (41%). Globalization Barely Slowed

Most opinion leaders do not accept doomsayers’ predictions that Sept. 11 and subsequent developments have slowed the pace of globalization. Only in Asia, which is more dependent on exports than any other region, does a majority of leaders express such concerns and, even there, just 22% say globalization has slowed down a lot. At the other end of the spectrum, better than seven-in-ten influentials in Western Europe say globalization has barely slowed, if at all. Among the relatively small number who think globalization has slowed, most believe this will be a short-term phenomenon. Opinion leaders also reject the argument that globalization has been a major cause of recent terrorism. In every region, including the United States, more than seven-in-ten say globalization has, at most, been a minor cause of terrorism.

In this research we sought to gauge opinion among a wide range of influentials. To systematically accomplish this goal, the International Herald Tribune, Princeton Survey Research Associates (PSRA) and PSRA’s partner research firms overseas compiled lists of 10 influential people in each of five diverse categories–politics, media, business, culture and government. The lists were based on the following guidelines:

Politics: Current or former elected officials at the national level who are influential in international affairs or international economics; political activists who are influential in international affairs or have been active in anti-globalization, environmental or development activities.

Media: Columnists, journalists and editors in print or electronic media who are responsible for the international material covered in their newspaper or broadcast.

Business: CEOs or other senior business people who conduct business internationally; financial consultants or business experts who are known for their international expertise; labor leaders.

Culture: Influential religious leaders; writers or academics who write about international affairs such as globalization, international, environmental and cultural issues.

Government: Current or former senior members of government who deal with international affairs, trade or international finance.

Princeton Survey Research Associates (PSRA) reviewed each research firm’s lists to ensure that they fit the above criteria. From each of the five lists compiled, two names were randomly selected to be interviewed. In most countries outside the U.S., a total of 10 interviews were conducted in each country, two from each category. In four countries, more than 10 interviews were conducted (12 in Korea, 11 in Mexico, 11 in Spain and 11 in Turkey). In these four countries, the interviews were weighted so that each country outside the U.S. had the same number of interviews.

In the U.S., 40 interviews were conducted–10 media, 6 culture, 10 business, 6 politics and 8 government. These interviews were conducted by Pew Research Center for the People and the Press and PSRA. The International Herald Tribune conducted the interviews in Britain, France, India, Korea and Japan.

All 275 interviews were conducted between Nov. 12 and Dec. 13, 2001.

PEW RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE PEOPLE AND THE PRESS& THE INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNEGLOBAL OPINION LEADER SURVEYFINAL TOPLINENOV. 12 - DEC. 13, 2001Q1Has the terrorist attack in the US and subsequent war opened up a new chapter inworld history or do you think this will not turn out to be such a significant event?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicNew chapter in world history7879767390699080Not such a significant event2018222010291017Don't Know/Refused23270203100100100100100100100100Number of interviews:(40)(235)(41)(30)(41)(62)(41)(71)Q2Do you think the terrorist attacks are the start of a major conflict between the West and Islam,or will it remain only a conflict between the West and al Qaeda (bin Laden's network)?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicMajor conflict between theWest and Islam2827204034124129Will remain only a conflictbetween the West andal Qaeda5259634041765464Don't Know/Refused20141720251257100100100100100100100100NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS IN FRANCE, INDIA, THE UNITED KINGDOM AND SOME INJAPAN AND THE U.S.:Q3Do you think the Taliban regime in Afghanistan will be removed in the next twelvemonths or not?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicRemoved9785857793729084Not removed0121023521510Don't Know/Refused33502756100100100100100100100100Number of interviews:(39)(201)(21)(30)(41)(48)(41)(71)ASK ALL:Q4If it turns out that other regimes such as Iraq and Somalia have supported terrorism,should the United States and its allies attack them or should the war be confined toAfghanistan?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicAttack5029322334272432Confine to Afghanistan3854377439586659Don't Know/Refused12173132715109100100100100100100100100Q5How do you see the conflictdo you think the US is taking into account theinterests of its partners in the fight against terrorism or do you think theUS is acting mainly on its own interests?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicTaking into account theinterests of its partners7033343737252725Acting mainly on its owninterests2862666061657169Don't Know/Refused250321026100100100100100100100100Q6Do you think the coalition of major countries formed to combat terrorism will leadto closer relations between the US, Russia, and China in the long term, or do youthink that newly improved relations will only be temporary?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicCloser relations between theUS, Russia, and China inthe long term6342653047272931Recently improved relationswill only be temporary2551205751686365Don't Know/Refused12715132584100100100100100100100100Q7Do you think the war on terrorism is worth the risk of destabilizing the governments of theMuslim states supporting the coalition or isn't it worth that risk?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaArea*IslamicWorth the risk of destabilizingthe governments of theMuslim states8554614746417459Not worth that risk238254742522338Don't Know/Refused13814612733100100100100100100100100(N=31)* Question not asked in Egypt.Q8Has the United States been too supportive of Israel or don't you think so?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicYes3573684078829590No45213247171059Don't Know/Refused2060135801100100100100100100100100BASED ON FORM B WORDING:Q9If the US pressured Israel to create a Palestinian state, would it lead to lessterrorism or would it make the terrorism problem worse?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicLess terrorism6774825768709086Make terrorism worse81371012221014Don't Know/Refused2513113320800100100100100100100100100Number of interviews:(40) (196)(28)(30)(41)(36)(41)(71)ASK ALL:Q10In the future do you think our country will become a target of al Qaeda terrorism ordon't you think that is likely?ASK IF BELIEVE COUNTRY WILL BECOME TARGET OF AL QAEDA (Q10=1):Q11What is the best way of preventing such attacks, by allying closely with the United Statesor by avoiding an alliance with the US?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUS*USEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicYes, become a target8527471320302421Allying closely withthe US--1634101513149Avoiding an alliancewith the US--5030956Don't Know/Refused--61305856No, not likely1566388480626472Don't Know/Refused0715308127100100100100100100100100ASK ALL:Q12In order to curb terrorism, would you be willing or unwilling to accept lesspersonal freedom?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicWilling6849665332454944Unwilling2042294051424950Don't Know/Refused12957171326100100100100100100100100Q13Do you think there should be stricter limits on immigration in our country or not?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicYes5540425043265343No4054504354664253Don't Know/Refused56873854100100100100100100100100Q14We're interested in what ordinary people think about the attacks in the US. Do mostpeople, many people, only some, or hardly any ordinary people think . . .TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamica.That US policies and actionsin the world were a majorcause of the attackMost people02693419244745Many people1832273739363431Only some4829372334241518Hardly any32922351023Don't know/Refused24533623100100100100100100100100b.The US is over reacting tothe terrorist attackMost people0187310244341Many people024205030181921Only some1539462343423629Hardly any85172517171329Don't know/Refused02270300100100100100100100100100c.It's good that Americans nowknow what it's like to bevulnerableMost people--29243729253135Many people--41423342513438Only some--17172012112217Hardly any--815712854Don't know/Refused--5235586100100100100100100100100d.The US is doing the rightthing for the world byfighting terrorismMost people--32464420272728Many people--30442026361420Only some--2283029231924Hardly any--11032093022Don't know/Refused--52355106100100100100100100100100e.It's sad to see what Americais going throughMost people--33494431262424Many people--34352730442234Only some--22142329182625Hardly any--603561811Don't know/Refused--52356106100100100100100100100100Q15And roughly how many ordinary people support the position of. . .TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamica.Osama bin Laden and the alQaeda networkMost people--1000084Many people--6000101720Only some--3076326293737Hardly any--60913774592833Don't know/Refused--32002106100100100100100100100100b.The USMost people--31523729163227Many people--36374334431418Only some--2271732341429Hardly any--720552517Don't know/Refused--42302159100100100100100100100100Q16Overall, do ordinary people have a very favorable, mostly favorable, mostlyunfavorable, or very unfavorable opinion of the US?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicVery Favorable--910178726Mostly Favorable--60715655674646Mostly Unfavorable--24172032242932Very Unfavorable--400002013Don't Know/Refused--3275233100100100100100100100100Q17The next two questions are about why people dislike and like the United States.Do you think each of the following is a major reason, a minor reason, or notmuch of a reason that some people in our country dislike the US. . .TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamica.US support for IsraelMajor reason702922177365757Minor reason2536484632253329Not much of a reason233223759391013Don't know/Refused32802001100100100100100100100100b.The spread of American culturethrough movies, television,and pop musicMajor reason281522271791010Minor reason6236394034362927Not much of a reason1047343347536163Don't know/Refused02502200100100100100100100100100c.The growing power of Americanmultinational corporationsMajor reason4036594744211717Minor reason5338273334484242Not much of a reason52592022314141Don't know/Refused21500000100100100100100100100100d.US support for authoritariangovernments in Arab countriesMajor reason3321361324132014Minor reason5538493032324639Not much of a reason1035105037473244Don't know/Refused26577823100100100100100100100100e.US policies which may havecontributed to the growinggap between rich and poorMajor reason4352615351425945Minor reason4031294029322734Not much of a reason15155715261421Don't know/Refused22505000100100100100100100100100f.Resentment of US power inthe worldMajor reason8852666458385441Minor reason1231221329354142Not much of a reason0145231025516Don't know/Refused03703201100100100100100100100100Q18Do you think each of the following is a major reason, a minor reason, or not much ofa reason that some people in our country like the US. . .TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamica.The US does a lot of goodaround the worldMajor reason5221222312232220Minor reason4048585735474945Not much of a reason828171751302431Don't know/Refused03332054100100100100100100100100b.American democratic idealsare appealingMajor reason7063686766634948Minor reason2828242327323138Not much of a reason0857752013Don't know/Refused21330001100100100100100100100100c.America is the landof opportunityMajor reason8375737666768181Minor reason1519171730221415Not much of a reason25774253Don't know/Refused01300001100100100100100100100100d.The US has led in scientificand technological innovationMajor reason3267636671588673Minor reason5827352724311424Not much of a reason1050751101Don't know/Refused01200002100100100100100100100100e.American consumer goods,movies, and music are popularMajor reason5752635347453942Minor reason3836303734404941Not much of a reason5115719151216Don't know/Refused01230001100100100100100100100100Q19Do you think that the pace of globalization has recently been slowed a lot, a little,hardly any, or not at all?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicA lot8105772209A little4036222339474443Hardly any3028423022202727Not at all2225313332112921Don't Know/Refused01070000100100100100100100100100ASK Q20 AND Q21 IF RESPONDENT SAID SLOWED "A Lot" or "A Little" (Q19=1 or 2):Q20Do you think the slowing down in the pace of globalization is a short-term or along-term phenomenon?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicShort-term6863816741696165Long-term213092254262729Don't Know/Refused117101155126100100100100100100100100Number of interviews:(19) (108)(11(9)(19)(43)(18)(37)Q21And is the slowing down in the pace of globalization a good thing or a bad thing forordinary people?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicGood thing3252534469495545Bad thing6331194410333444Don't Know/Refused517281221181111100100100100100100100100Number of interviews:(19) (108)(11(9)(19)(43)(18)(37)ASK ALL:Q22In your opinion, has globalization been a major cause of terrorism, a minor cause,or not much of a cause?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicMajor cause1019192022181420Minor cause3541375332434643Not much of a cause5037392744343736Don't Know/Refused53502531100100100100100100100100Q23In our country, will the following be helped or hurt in the coming year by thewar on terrorism . . .TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamica.The sale of Americanconsumer productsHelped10112131702717Hurt5027101324393737Neither (VOL)4044387452303645Don't know/Refused01850073101100100100100100100100100b.The popularity of Americanmusic and moviesHelped151820272452016Hurt181621015213228Neither (VOL)6747386354364352Don't know/Refused01940073854100100100100100100100100c.Tourism to our countryHelped2175202832417Hurt9064683364925965Neither (VOL)8151547821515Don't know/Refused041200323100100100100100100100100d.Airline travelHelped09271221714Hurt9881957383887870Neither (VOL)29020510516Don't know/Refused01300000100100100100100100100100e.Use of the InternetHelped4846294039437252Hurt08510121048Neither (VOL)5234265049272438Don't know/Refused01240002002100100100100100100100100f.Population migrationHelped2151227433023Hurt7847412071535652Neither (VOL)1826194625201224Don't know/Refused21228702421100100100100100100100100g.Exports from our countryHelped02310303134129Hurt4250343644884252Neither (VOL)58171927253713Don't know/Refused01037706106100100100100100100100100h.Foreign investments in ourcountryHelped12227372425233Hurt3848363047824151Neither (VOL)45201933295213Don't know/Refused51038001153100100100100100100100100i.Personal freedomsHelped010032122217Hurt9053715054486146Neither (VOL)1028164025331234Don't know/Refused0913701753100100100100100100100100j.PrivacyHelped0120202102918Hurt9550663359464839Neither (VOL)528213720351537Don't know/Refused010131001986100100100100100100100100Q24What about the strengthening of democratic institutions in transitional countrieswill it be helped or hurt in the coming year by the war on terrorism?TotalEastMid-East/Non-West.Euro./LatinConflictUSUSEuropeRussiaAmer.AsiaAreaIslamicHelped5539432346313738Hurt2038226434434838Don't Know/Refused2523351320261524100100100100100100100100